End-Of-Life Decisions Raise Both Legal And Ethical Analysis

This assignment will discuss a case involving an individual known to me. It centres on the real and contentious issue of the “right to die”, specifically in the context of physician-assisted death. This issue is widely debated in the public eye for two reasons. The first considers under what conditions a person can choose when to die and the second considers if someone ever actually has a ‘right to die’. The following analysis will consider solutions to the ethical dilemma of physician-assisted death through the lens of three ethical theories. It will also take into account the potential influence of an individual’s religious beliefs

There has been an increase in the interest of euthanasia and assisted suicide for the terminally ill in recent years (Williams 1997). The most obvious reason for someone wanting to end their life is to end the suffering they are going through once the illness goes beyond being bearable.

4. The physician must fully understand the patient’s struggles and should have established “a meaningful relationship” with the patient (Dixon). Also, alternative treatments should be provided by the doctor anytime during assisted suicide if the patient changes his/her mind.

Although voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide should be legalized, there needs to be though and a process, legally, medically, psychologically. Asking permission to die is legally illegal in most states, there are mixed views between physicians that do and do not agree with legalizing or participating in performing physician-assisted suicide. Psychologically, a therapist is an educated and knowledgeable source that will likely be able to determine if a patient is in their right state of mind, based on their drastic request. According to, “The Right to Physician-Assisted Suicide on Demand,” points out that the conflict appears to be between the high value placed on self-determination, autonomy, and the high regard for the sanctity of life” (Grosswald, 2002). It goes more in depth specifying additional issues that make legalizing physician-assisted suicide difficult to agree upon. Other issues include, “a well-founded fear in the United States that is providing assisted suicide, which might

The issues of physician-assisted suicide (PAS) are both emotional and controversial. Some argue PAS is ethically permissible for a dying person who has chosen to escape unbearable suffering at the end of life; it is the physician’s duty to alleviate the patient’s suffering and justifies aid-in-dying. These arguments rely on the respect for individual autonomy. “Individual autonomy is an idea that is generally understood to refer to the capacity to be one's own person, to live one's life according to reasons and motives that are taken as one's own and not the product of manipulative or distorting external forces.” (STANDFORD REF)

They were the subjects of public disputes with family members, court systems, medical professionals, the media, and society at large. Terri Schiavo, Nancy Cruzan and Karen Ann Quinlan; their names are synonymous with permanent vegetative state (PVS). The amazing technological advancements in modern medicine has been credited with keeping persons alive who in times past would have died, therefore this is remarkable for countless families. In the cases of the Quinlan’s, the Cruzan’s and many like them, families members find it unbearable to witness loved ones who linger indefinitely in PVS with little or no chance for recovery. There are many like Terri Schiavo’s parents, who value the lives of their love ones no matter how limited their

One argument is that every person should be free enough to make their own medical decisions. However, in the case of physician assisted suicide, a patient’s decision is influential on medical professionals, family, friends, and other patients (Boehnlein, 1999). Also, there may be an unconscious influence by people in the patient’s lives (Boehnlein, 1999). The patient might even be depressed, and therefore, cannot be fully competent of making this type of decision (Boehnlein, 1999). If a person is depressed, they are in a different state of mind. They may be feeling helpless, and PAS seems to be the only way out. In the end, it is the physician’s decision. One can see how this puts a lot of pressure on the physician. Physicians are humans too, which means they make mistakes. If a patient is being assessed by a psychiatrist, the psychiatrist must decide if the patient actually wants to end their life, or if it is a cry for help (Boehnlein, 1999). Also, it is the psychiatrist’s duty to assess risk factors for suicide because, “Not only is this standard ethical psychiatric practice, but we can be sued if we do not take appropriate steps to screen for, or prevent, suicide” (Boehnlein, 1999, p. 11). The burden on physicians and psychiatrist is very heavy and such a decision is something that has to be very carefully made. Every aspect has to be looked

How should we die? Many people have not consider discussing plans for dying and the afterlife. Death can take families by surprise sometimes; therefore, they have to make quick decision and may not have all the details need. There are times when families are able to successful plan for their death and afterlife.

In end-of-life scenarios, where the patient may not be able to communicate their wishes, decisions must be made either by the healthcare professional(s) or family member(s). However, who gets to decide or where the line should be drawn are not always clear. Consequently, not all decisions may be ethically permissible. To illustrate, I will discuss a scenario in which physicians and family are not in agreement. Upon proving a brief summary and explaining the ethical dilemma, I will provide moral reasons for two ethically permissible choices from which, by referencing the principle of autonomy and Utilitarianism, will determine which course of action ought to be carried out.

Since all diseases are not curable, a lot of people are living in severe pain that is unbearable. Assisted suicide, also known as mercy killing, is the act of bringing the death of a hopelessly ill and suffering person in a relatively quick and painless way. Indeed, it is one of the effective solutions for people who are suffering in pain from terminal illness and especially for children who are not able to choose for their own lives. Even though assisted suicide is not legalized globally, there are few countries and six states in America including Washington State that allow such action. Many people are still against an assisted suicide system. However, since America is the country of freedom, people should have choices

With major advancement in medical treatments, it is now possible to keep a patient alive, which would not have been possible in former times. This has made end of life issue one of the most controversial issues in healthcare. Medical improvements have set the stage for ethical and legal controversies about not only the patient’s rights but also the family’s rights and the medical profession’s proper role. It is critical that any decision made in such situation is ethical and legal to preserve the rights of the patient and also protect the healthcare institution involved. It is very important when making decisions to discontinue treatments to make sure all other alternatives have been explored.

In the mental health profession of counseling, therapy, psychology, psychiatric and social services ethical dilemmas are faced primarily on a daily basis. Being that mental health professionals are working with clients who are often fragile and vulnerable, they must develop an intense awareness of ethical issues. On the other hand, mental health professionals would never intentionally harm their clients, students or colleagues and others whom they work with. Unfortunately, good intentions are not enough to ensure that wrong doings will not occur and mental health professionals have no choice but to make ethically determined decisions. Depending upon the experience and expertise of the professional determines the outcome of the ethical

The ethical issue is Euthanasia, there are many groups that support or oppose this issue. Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. The different viewpoints are based around whether it is humane to assist someone in dying and whether it should be illegal for someone to assist the death of someone who has a terminal illness and are suffering incurable pain. Groups that oppose the issue generally believe that it is inhumane to end someone 's life early, these groups generally believe these people should be given care and as much comfort as possible until their last days. Groups that support the issue generally believe that if someone has lost their mental state or are suffering unbearable pain that cannot be cured, that they should be allowed the option of euthanasia because it is inhumane to make someone suffer unbearable pain if they do not need to. An ethical issue brings systems of morality and principles into conflict, ethical issues are more subjective and opinionated and generally cannot be solved with facts, laws and truth. Euthanasia is an ethical issue because there are two equally unacceptable options. It is considered wrong

Ethics, in medicine, is described as applying one’s morals and values to healthcare decisions (Fremgen 2012). It requires a critical-thinking approach that examines important considerations such as fairness for all patients, the impact of the decision on society and the future repercussions of the decision (Fremgen 2012). According to Fremgen (2012), bioethics concerns ethical issues discussed in the perspective of advanced medical technology. Goldman and Schafer (2012) state bioethical issues that arise in medical practice include antibiotics, dialysis, transplantation, intensive care units, issues of genetics, reproductive choices and termination of care. In clinical practice the most common issues revolve around informed consent, termination of life-sustaining treatments, euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, and conflicts of interest (Goldman, Schafer 2012).

There are many ethical issues that the medical field faces daily. One major issue that is a common debate recently is death and dying and the ethical dilemmas associated with this stage in life. There are many different routes a patient can take when they are diagnosed with a terminal illness, two routes that are often up for debate are palliative care and physician assisted suicide. Many ethical concepts are brought up in the debate of these routes of care, sometimes even conflicting one another. Since medicine has advanced over many years we are experiencing a growing population of elders. With this increase in the elderly population, the debate of death and dying has become an important topic to