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Energy Balances Lab

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Theory
The main goal of this experiment is to analyze and determine the closure of the energy balances around various heat exchangers, including shell-and-tube and two different double pipe exchangers, in a steady-state system. Additionally, the overall heat transfer coefficient for the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is to be calculated, and the heat transfer areas for the double pipe heat exchangers are to be calculated to determine if one or both possess fins.
Energy balances will be used evaluate three heat exchangers at steady-state conditions in this experiment. The most basic energy balance can be written as,
Q_h=Q_c (1) where Q_h is the heat lost by the hot fluid and Q_c …show more content…

The energy balance for the shell-and-tube heat exchanger can be written as, m ̇_( h)*C_(p,h)*(T_(h,i)-T_(h,o) )=m ̇_( c)*C_(p,c)*(T_(c,o)-T_(c,i) ) (5) where T_i is the temperature at the fluid inlet and T_o is the temperature at the fluid outlet. However, the energy balance around the double pipe heat exchanger can be written as, m ̇_( h)*C_(p,h)*(T_(h,i)-T_(h,o) ) +m ̇_( h)* ∆H_vap =m ̇_( c)*C_(p,c)*(T_(c,o)-T_(c,i) ) (6) since the steam will condense the energy associated with the phase change needs to be accounted for. After solving for both sides of the energy balance, the lowest heat transfer rate is taken to be the actual heat transfer value [1]. To analyze the accuracy of the theoretical energy balance to the actual heat exchanged, the percent closure can be found using,
% Closure=Q_out/Q_in *100% (7) where Q_out is the energy leaving the system and Q_in is the energy entering the system.
To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient for the shell-and-tube exchanger and the area of the double pipe heat exchangers, the Log Mean Temperature Difference Method, LMTD, can be used. The LMTD formula can be written …show more content…

Literature values for the overall heat transfer coefficients are provided in the Appendix, for both oil-water and steam-oil heat exchangers. The overall heat transfer coefficients calculated for the shell-and-tube heat exchanger will be compared to the literature value to determine the accuracy experimentally calculated coefficients. Additionally, the overall heat transfer coefficient for the double pipe exchangers will be provided by the literature data, and this will allow for equation 8 to be solved for the area of the double pipe heat exchanger.
The area of heat transfer in Equation 8 varies depending upon the type of heat exchanger being used. To calculate the area for the shell-and-tube heat exchanger

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