Mother: Doctor! My daughter has been just been sad all the time. I keep telling her to “stop being sad”, but she doesn’t listen.
Psychiatrist: Emotions are not that simple, and in this case, it may be the sign of a bigger issue. How long has she been this way?
Mother: For one month, it has been awful for all of us.
Psychiatrist: One month? Besides the depressed mood, is there any other symptoms that she has been experiencing?
Mother: She’s gained a lot of weight and never wants to do anything.
Psychiatrist: Does she seem to be sleeping more or less? Does she move more or less than she used to?
Mother: She moves much slower then she used to, but I don’t see how that applies to anything. Her sleeping is perfectly fine. She’s just sad, why
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Which does the daughter not have?
The nine symptoms are depressed mood, lack of pleasure, weight loss or gain, difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much, psychomotor agitation or retardation, loss of energy, feeling worthless, inability to concentrate, and suicidal ideation. The daughter does not have issues with sleep or an inability to concentrate.
The psychiatrist states, “Emotions are not that simple.” What does he mean by that? How does that connect with what the mother says?
Emotions are complex and follow multiple pathways with many different brain structures. Emotions are controlled by the situation, how a person interprets it, and finally the psychological response. Because of the complexity of emotions, to change emotions, it is not as simple as stopping the negative on as the mother seems to claim.
How is sadness caused by Major Depressive Disorder different than sadness caused by a person who just lost a family member?
The major difference between sadness caused by Major Depressive Disorder and the loss of a family member is how it originates. Sadness from the loss of a family is a natural reaction that has a clear cause. It is temporary and is not correlated with abnormalities within the brain. On the other hand, Major Depressive Disorder is caused by an imbalance in neurotransmitters and issues with the activation of different brain structures. This type of sadness is caused by abnormalities in the brain and is long-term.
2- She is diagnosed with the season affective disorder (SAD), she feels, lonely, isolated, and depression.
Psychodynamic theorists believe that depression stems from dependence and loss. This idea is associated with the idea of losing a loved one like a parent or grandparent. This theory concludes that some people will regress into the oral stage of life and project the feelings they have while mourning on to themselves and become depressed. Most get over these feelings but some continue to get worse. Other ideas associated with this are imagined loss like one loses a job they have held for many years. In this fashion one unconsciously connects the loss of their job as equal to the loss of a
To begin with the primary symptom that is mostly seen in every chapter and during her visits to the psychiatrist are delusions. We begin to see these symptoms during her prologue in which she says, “I hide in the stacks until well after midnights, sitting on the floor muttering to myself. It grows quiet. The lights are being turned off. Frightened of being locked in, I finally scurry out, ducking through the shadowy library so as not to be seen by any security
Helen recurrent mood episodes and suicidal ideation needs to be addressed immediately. Her moods episodes
She says she has gotten more depressed and anxious. She is tearful, low mood. Says she does not want to kill herself but does
The article “DSM-5: An Overview of Changes and Controversies” by Wakefield (2013), discusses the positives changes of diagnosis with individuals dealing with Major Depressive Disorder. In order to create a more specific diagnosis, the DSM 5 now excludes bereavement as a criteria. According to the DSM-IV, Major Depressive Disorder is diagnosed when a client displays five of the nine lasting symptoms for two or more weeks. An individual can qualify for Major Depressive disorder if they have five of the general distress symptoms which someone dealing with grief can experience easily. Considering this, the DSM 5 excludes this requirement in order to distinguish between depressive disorders and normal grief symptoms. Now, the DSM states that if
Smith has been presenting with depression and anxiety along with chest pains, stomachaches, and headaches. The depression and anxiety symptoms appeared about 3 months ago when Mrs. Smith changed jobs. She also reported having trouble keeping details straight at work and felt that she was not as “sharp as she previously had been. Mrs. Smith expressed that she had relational problems with her children and also found that her daughter was abusing narcotics. Mrs. Smith also reported symptoms of being tearful, fatigued, with reduced appetite, feeling easily overwhelmed, and ruminating thoughts. Mrs. Smith reported that 6 months ago she also started to become overly emotional in stressful
These are all symptoms of the depression developing by her confinement in the house. This depression and eventually her insanity is not caused by her child, but by her separation from her
She displays six out of the eight symptoms in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. First and foremost, she shows a depressed mood in the therapy session and has been experiencing this mood for several months. She expresses feelings of hopelessness as well as being sad most of the day nearly every day. Secondly, she exhibits loss of interest or pleasure in most activities most of the day nearly every day; stating, “If I don’t have to go, I won’t go.” In addition to this, she finds it hard to get out of bed to go to any event, including lectures, being loss of energy nearly every day. Fatigue is the third symptom that Lucy expresses. This sense of fatigue is a bit different, however, because even though she experiences fatigue she also experiences the fourth symptom, insomnia. No matter how much she lies in bed and feels exhausted, she cannot fall asleep or does not have a satisfying sleep. This could explain the fifth symptom she experiences, psychomotor retardation. However, this symptom is not one that she identifies, it is observed by others. It is obvious in the interview that she is speaking slowly, thinking slowly, and has a decreased volume of speech. Along with this, she pauses for a significant amount of time before answering
Rationale: Jennifer has been presenting with symptoms for unspecified amount of time. Jennifer meets six of the criteria for symptoms being present during the same 2-week period and represents a change from previous functioning. Jennifer is depressed most of the day, nearly every day, has diminished interest in all or almost all activities most of the days, nearly every day, has fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished ability to think or concentrate, is having recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan. The symptoms have cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, and other functioning areas. There is no know substance or medical condition and occurrence is not better explained by Schizophrenia Spectrum or Psychotic Disorders. Jennifer has never had a manic episode or a hypomanic episode. Possible family history of depression - mother.
There is no indication she has had a manic or hypomanic episode. Her depression may be complicated by grief due to her father’s death one year ago. Her symptoms seem to get worse after his passing.
Psychosocial: Admits she is in good mood most times. Denies unusual stress, depression or anxiety. No suicidal ideation
Two types of depression are associated with mourning. The first one is a reaction to practical implications relating to the loss. Sadness and
Looking at the symptoms such as anxiety attacks, overeating, fear of accomplishment, fear of abandonment, and so forth—can be interpreted as outward manifestations of unconscious conflicts that have their origins in childhood experiences and defensive reaction to these experiences that are necessary to her as a child.
side as this continued for one year. She began to experience signs of anxiety, insomnia, and