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Essay On ACO

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ACO simulates the behavior of real ants. The first ACO technique is known as Ant System and it was applied to the travelling salesman problem. Since then, many variants of this technique have been produced. ACO is a probabilistic technique that can be applied to generate solutions for combinatorial optimizations problems. The artificial ants in the algorithm represent the stochastic solution construction procedures which make use of the dynamic evolution of the pheromone trails that reflects the ants' acquired search experience and the heuristic information related to the problem in hand, in order to construct probabilistic solutions [15].

In order to apply ACO to test case generation, a number of issues need to be addressed, namely,
I. …show more content…

Problems identified based on reviewed research papers are:
As the dimensionality of the Attribute space increases, many types of data analysis and classification also become significantly harder, and, additionally, the data becomes increasingly sparse in the space it occupies which can lead to big difficulties for both supervised and unsupervised learning.
A large number of Attributes can increase the noise of the data and thus the error of a learning algorithm, especially if there are only few observations (i. e., data samples) compared to the number of Attributes.

• In the last years, several studies have focused on improving feature selection and dimensionality reduction techniques and substantial progress has been obtained in selecting, extracting and constructing useful feature sets. However, due to the strong inuence of different feature subset selection methods on the classification accuracy, there are still several open questions in this research field. Moreover, due to the often increased number of candidate features for various application areas new questions arise.
• Curse of dimensionality:
Following various problems occurs when searching in or estimating density on high-dimensional spaces-
1. Estimation: In a multidimensional grid, the problem of calculating a density function on a high-dimensional space may be seen as finding the density at each

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