The Indo Europeans were one of the most influential people of the ancient world. The first writing from them come from the Bronze age, along with their migrations beginning around 3000 B.C.E., they brought new ideas, traditions, languages, and cultures to Europe and Asia. We know of them and their lifestyle though linguistics, anthropology, and archaeology. Although the Indo European people have dispersed, their innovations are stilled remembered and used to this day. The Indo European people got their name from the different languages they spoke. It is often said that they have more speakers than any other language family. Linguists determined that the similarities in the different languages spoken came from Sanskrit, Old …show more content…
With domesticated horses, they became more powerful. They relied on their horses not only for faster transportation, but for expansion, and military power. Being able to combat on horse increases their chances of winning; they felt superior on horses. As they expanded, they relied on their other livestock for food, money, and clothing. The Hittites are one of the most well-known group of Indo Europeans. They migrated to Anatolia in 1900 B.C.E. and took over the inhabitants' already existing society. It wasn't until about seventeenth and sixteenth century that they became close with the Mesopotamian people. Now as their own society, they were able to trade with the Assyrians and Babylonians and adapt cuneiform writing. Some of their most popular accomplishments were their innovation of the horse-drawn war chariots in 2000 B.C.E., and the refinement of iron metallurgy after 1300 B.C.E. Sumerian armies had already been using horse-drawn chariots, but they were too heavy and slow, which did not make them ideal for combat. The Hittites then made chariots with spoked wheels, which were light and easier to use during battle. As for the refinement of iron metallurgy, the Hittites found that in order to make durable weapons, they had to heat iron in a bed of charcoal then hammer it into shape as opposed to casting the iron into molds. Both of these were not invented by the Hittites but their advances to both strengthened their own
During the early years of the Paleo-Indian tribes, they exploited a wide variety of exotic plants and animals. Many of these animals were from the Ice Age. This research paper will discuss what kinds of tools they used for growing crops, hunting big animals like the woolly mammoth and the giant ground sloth and what they used them for besides a source of food.
Beginning in the sixteenth century, Europeans made the voyage to a “new world” in order to achieve dreams of opportunity and riches. In this other world the Europeans came upon another people, which naturally led to a cultural exchange between different groups of people. Although we commonly refer to European and Indian relations as being between just two very different groups of people, it is important to recognize this is not entirely true. Although the settlers of the new world are singularly referred to as Europeans, each group of people came from a different nation and with different motives and expectations of the new world. Similarly, the Indians were neither a united group nor necessarily friendly with each other. Due to the
During the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Europeans started to come over to the new world, they discovered a society of Indians that was strikingly different to their own. To understand how different, one must first compare and contrast some of the very important differences between them, such as how the Europeans considered the Indians to be extremely primitive and basic, while, considering themselves civilized. The Europeans considered that they were model societies, and they thought that the Indians society and culture should be changed to be very similar to their own.
The Sumerians were the first river valley civilization to create never-before-seen innovations. They made gigantic leaps forward with the invention of the wheel, bronze, a math system based on the number 60, and innovative building design. Interestingly, the wheel was first invented and used to make pottery. Hundreds of years later, Sumerians finally attached a wheel to a cart. The innovation of taking the wheel from its pottery use to that of transportation occurred when someone noticed that carts got easier to drag across logs as wedges were ground into the logs. So, some brilliant Sumerian ground down a log to create an axel with wheels at the end which was attached directly to the cart. This was eventually refined when the axel/wheel combination was attached to the cart with stabilizing pins, allowing the axel and
"No study of acculturation in colonial America would be complete,"(272) exclaims James Axtell in his book the european and the Indian: Essays in the Ethnohistory of Colonial North America, "without giving equal thought to the question of how English culture was altered by its contacts with Native America." (272) during this anthropology and ethnohistory based work, James Axtell clearly lays on the table that this analysis inter-piled into a book wasn't meant to be simply a general assortment of Native american encounters and battles with the Europeans; but a real, real, and factual assessment of how they intermingled with one another. Showing how they were each able to interact as well as react to each others own beliefs and ways shows the
Nothing is more fundamental yet so important to the freedoms we enjoy as Americans as the United States Constitution, which guarantee our right to do and say as we please so long as it does no harm to anyone. The Iroquois Nation preamble is placed on perfect peace for the welfare of the people. Their focus was fighting for the liberty of the people. Among the Indian nations whose ancient seats were within the limits of our republic, the Iroquois have long continued to occupy the conspicuous position. Nations they now set forth upon the canvas of the Indian history prominent as for the wisdom of their civil institution of the federations. Only the Iroquois had a system that seemed to meet most of the demands espoused by the
a member of an ancient Anatolian people whose empire was based in Asia Minor during the second millennium bc
die. The Red Chief was also in charge of the lacrosse games which were called
In addition, Europeans introduced horses and livestock to the environment of the new world. The horses were effective form of transportation that enabled many Indians to improve their lifestyles. The introduction of horses to plains Indianas, for example, enabled them to hunt bison with far better results, they were able to hunt more bison with the use of horses. Horses also enabled them to be more nomadic, the Indians were able to carry more items far further distances and able to move around more. The addition of livestock such as cattle in the Americas added to the food supply of the Americas. The livestock provided more food containing protein and other minerals. The introduction of horses and livestock mainly benefited the Indians' lives.
One of the most important inventions was cuneiform. (Doc.1)It was created by the Sumerians over 5000 years ago (Doc.1). It was the world's first Language.(Doc.1) Sumerians invented this writing system to keep track of business dealings, records (Doc. 1) and religious activity (OI). It
Marcus Garvey once said, “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots” (Bro). Here, he proclaims the idea that in order to live a culture must be passed down from generation to generation, growing its roots. When two cultures were fighting for dominance in the U.S., the American government developed a plan to eradicate the First Nations’ roots, buying into the philosophy of Captain Richard H. Pratt when he stated that instead of killing all the Natives it would be of more use to “kill the Indian, and save the man” (“Kill”). Between the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, the United States government used boarding schools to try to assimilate Native Americans into modern American culture;
The spread and use of guns and horses, transformed relations of power between colonists and natives. On the other hand, it transformed relations of power between different native populations. Guns and horses allowed the Osages, Comanches and Sioux to become powerful native polities on the plains. Other native communities such as the Pawnees were weakened. In addition, the lives of the tribes had been changed after the introduction of horses to Plains Native Americans. The coming of horses boosted the development of local transport and economies because the horses allowed the Indians to transport larger amount of goods and crops. Also, the horses could pull much larger and heavier loads on travois than dogs or people could. On the other hands,
Before invasion of the Americans onto Cherokee territory, the Cherokee lived in peace and harmony. Keetoowah is the name of the ancient Cherokee town in the eastern homelands, said to be the “Mother Town” of the people (Conley 18). Many of the Cherokee Indians originated here according to the traditions. They referred themselves as Ani-Kituwagi, meaning Keetoowah People, or Ani-yunwi-ya, the Real People (Conley 27). The fertile lands of the Keetoowah were filled of many resources, but as the population grew too large for the town, many people had moved out and built new towns. Overtime, many towns were built one after another. Soon, there were approximately 200 scattered tribes over vast areas that consisted of a number of
Regarding the article, “Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress, Dr. Howard Zinn argues that there is another perspective to consider as to Christopher Columbus’ adventures. Dr. Howard Zinn’s position is that history books have omissions of slavery, death and innocent bloodshed that accompanied the adventures of Christopher Columbus. In the following statements Dr. Howard Zinn describes his perspective; “The writer began the history, five hundred years ago, of the European invasion of the Indian Settlement in the Americas. That beginning, when you read Las Casas- even if his figures are exaggerations (were there 3 million Indians to begin with, as he says or 250,000, as modern historians calculate) is conquest, slavery, and death. When
The Paleo-Indian Tradition was considered the first humans to come to Wisconsin. Through the Bering Land Bridge, these people came into North America. They inhabited Wisconsin from 10,000-8,500 BC according to the Milwaukee Public Museum website.