Fuzzy logic techniques for prediction of rainfall Rainfall is a stochastic process that depends on temperature, humidity and winds. To obtain accurate rainfall prediction the above said factors should be well maintained and controlled. For this purpose a number of methods have been proposed. Fuzzy inference is used for mapping I/P and O/P sets with a set of fuzzy rules. Fuzzy inference is performed in four steps fuzzification, rule evaluation, aggregation of rule outputs and then defuzzificztion. Fuzzy rule based model provides ductility in modeling the blurred relationship between input and output variables. Data mining techniques Data …show more content…
Works done using clustering techniques Clustering is a process in which cluster of homogenous objects are made on the basis of their similarity in logic and characteristics. Clustering methods involve partitioning methods, hierarchical agglomerative methods, the single link method (SLINK), the complete link method (CLINK), the group average method, and text based documents. This part of paper highlights works related to clustering techniques carried for weather forecasting in past: Kavita.P et al. used weather data set of Bangladesh to present a model for predicting the weather using K- means clustering by analyzing temperature at atmospheric pressures with 400 hpa, 500 hpa, and 700 hpa. Badhiye S.S.et al. provided an approach using clustering techniques for future prediction of temperature and humidity. The clustering analysis was used to partition data by taking the similarity of objects into consideration. K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm was used. Absolute distance and Euclidean distance measuring was used to obtain distances between datasets in K- Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Sanjay Chakarborty et al. proposed a methodology for time series forecasting through clustering. Incremental K- means clustering was used for this methodology. Air pollution data was collected from “West Bengal air pollution control
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure. Weather can be classified as day to day temperature and precipitation activity, where climiate is average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. Weather occurs from temperature and moisture differences between one place and another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as "extratropical cyclones", are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Because the Earth's axis is tilted
Although meteorologist hardly acknowledge that their forecasts are not completely accurate, it is clear that without them the amount of harm would be great. The information of a possible tornado formation helps the public become prepared to the possibility of a tornado. Tornadoes warning systems have come a long way from the days where they were inaccurate and unreliable. Lead times have increased and are becoming more reliable. However, more sensitive technology is needed until forecasts can become more
Weather is created by the movement of air masses of different temperature and moisture content moving around the Earth’s atmosphere and interacting with each other.
Using computers in meteorology helps weather forecasters analyze the atmosphere by drawing weather maps separately for each of several atmospheric levels. Then the computer can put it all together and generate a prediction.
We all have that one friend or family member that proudly claims to be an expert in predicting the rainy days or the sudden change in weather conditions, especially in moments when not even the meteorology institutions can precisely forecast the weather changes.
In the present paper, we focus on investigating the nature of aerosol effect on cloud cover in association with precipitation over the central part of the Indo-Gangetic plain during the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) months (June, July, August and September - JJAS) of 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 from the satellite based data (MODIS Level 2) and ground observations (IMD Rainfall data). We also explore the
One technique for analyzing weather patterns or climate change is to use change indices. In order to use change indices you have to detect changes by using set of change indices. The method requires using different change indices in a combination and using the mathematical framework of Dempster-Shafer. Change is decided after combining the evidential functions obtained from each change index incorporated in the fusion process. Detected changes can occur from land use change or a phenomenon affecting the local land such as hydraulic stress. The selection of the change indices is supervised because it is dependent of the application type.
Are The weather and climate are not the same but are connected.they are connected by wind the wind travels with the weather and depends on the type of temperature it will affect the weather and the weather will change the climate by changing the temperature and will change the climate. It's all caused by winds. Weather=changes in the air for a short period of time. Climate = a usual normal pertictuple pattern in the weather that happens often.
In today's time, we don't need to think much about the weather. All we have to do is open up the weather app on our smartphones or turn on the weather channel on the TV and we willl be able to know if we need to put on a sweater or start to prepare our canned food and water bottles for a hurricane coming in a week. What we really don't think about, is how complicated weather prediction realy is. A long time ago, there were no satellites showing detailed weather reports. It wasn't until 1943 when Colonel Joe Duckworth discovered that he could fly through a stom that people began to know when a large storm was coming. Hurricane hunting and weather satellites were a huge advancement in technology that greatly helped researchers find more detailed
Air masses tend to collide in regions throughout the world. Most commonly, air masses collide over the Midwest as air from the gulf collides with air from the west coast and the north. Air masses colliding create fronts, and fronts are part of the recipe for thunderstorms. Wind shear is one of the main ingredients for storms and this can help determine the severity of a storm. There are 4 main types of thunderstorms, and their classification and severity are determined by many factors.
Currently we are using Heidke Skill Score. This compares the forecast to the observation and then takes a step further to compare how accuracy is compared to that of a random forecast. This is just one way that we use to predict weather now.
The researchers analyzed surface data from more than 30 automated weather stations across the Netherlands, collected from 1995 to mid-2014. They used a regional climate model to provide additional atmospheric conditions and tendencies over the same period. From these data, the scientists identified more than 44,000 separate precipitation events in the Netherlands, and for each event, the team determined the peak precipitation intensity. Then, they investigated if certain atmospheric conditions—moisture content, atmospheric stability, and large-scale upward winds—correlated with the stronger precipitation events. The results suggested that no single factor correlated perfectly with heavy rainfall. Warmer temperatures and increased moisture in the atmosphere seemed to correlate more with heavier precipitation events than with weaker ones. Although the strongest precipitation events also took place when the atmosphere was less stable than it typically is during weaker events, an unstable atmosphere itself does not always foreshadow heavy
Meteorologists often rely on massive computers program called numerical weather prediction models to help them decide if the condition will be right for the development of tornadoes. The computer forecast models are designed to calculate the atmosphere at a certain point over a large area, from Earth’s surface to the top of the atmosphere. This weather data forecast by the numerical computer program will give meteorologist a lead time that can be announced to the affected neighborhood.
Almost every single adult that either listens to the radio, or watches T.V. in the mornings hears the weather. The weather man is supposed to tell you exactly, or to the best of their knowledge, what is going to happen throughout the day. In my opinion, they may be able to predict, but there is no way they can know exactly what is going to happen. However the viewers believe what they say, so the broadcasters keep their job, and power
Currently, climate change and erratic weather patterns are among the most prevalent news items. Moreover, modern day humans have developed a habit of checking the daily weather update, and they use this information for planning their day activities. Citing the recent weather disasters, such as the Tsunami, and Hurricane Katrina, weather patterns have become an integral part of the modern day living. According to a study by Horanont, Phithakkitnukoon and Leong, particular weather conditions influence human activities when contrasted with people’s normal activity patterns. Further, these activities were noticeable at different time intervals of the day (e81153). Consequently, the weather has an effect on how people feel and act.