Ethno-Violence And Racism

The mental health of individuals in the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered) community is something that is a serious problem. For most of the history of the United States and many different parts of the world LGBT people faced much persecution and in some cases even death. This constant fear of discovery and the pressure that one feels on oneself when “in the closet” can lead to major mental distress. Research has shown that people who identify as LGBT are twice as likely to develop lifetime mood and anxiety disorders (Bostwick 468). This is extremely noticeable the past couple years in the suicides of bullied teens on the basis of sexual identity and expression. The stigma on simply being perceived as LGBT is strong enough to

A significant investigation into the field of trauma is whether those affected experience and responds to trauma in ways as other diverse groups of individuals. Biological, psychological or sociocultural factors are causes in the differences in the response to trauma, and are additional shields against the development of PTSD (Ruglass, & Tackett, 2016). It has often been realized that there are limitations when grouping individuals according to race, ethnicity or culture. When referring to race, biological or physical characteristics are used to classify groups of people based on (e.g. Caucasian or African American, etc.). Identifying one with a particular group based on culture and heritage corresponds to their ethnicity. Racial or ethnicity minority group members typically experience a significant amount of racism, prejudice and discrimination, due to their minority status. Although racial and ethnic minority groups comprise about thirty seven percent of the United States citizens, Ruglass & Tackett (2016) assert that there is little research in trauma on these

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a well known disorder that takes over the life of it’s victim. We know that anyone has the chance of facing this challenging disorder but does race/ culture have anything to do with it? Throughout this paper we will be trying to answer this question and many more. This paper’s main focus is on what post-traumatic stress disorder is, what evidence provided by researchers leads us to believe that race and ethnicity has something to do with PTSD rates and last but not least the few ways on how to treat PTSD patients properly.

The history of the United States has been characterized by brutality of violence based on race. Many historians have neglected most of the episodes of this important national history as it helps people to learn where they have come from and where they are headed to. Race riots are characterized by violence between two or more racial groups and the end result in most cases is death. For a protest to be called a riot, there must be a group of people with a common agenda and may occur between police and the public or between two or more racial groups.

"We realized that we were the victims of a broken promise" (King 1). Blacks in America witnessed and endured police brutality and segregation mainly in the south. There is a need for acceptance, change, and mankind for non-white citizens. The purpose of his letter is to support his strategy of non-violent

Literature Review: In this quantitative study, Watson, Langrehr, Zelaya and Flores (2016) aimed to investigate the relationship between multiple discriminatory experiences and insidious trauma among a sample of Women of Color (WOC). The topic is significant for the readership of the journal since it has expanded the definition of trauma and brought up a critical perspective of DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis. Researchers cogently provided literature to demonstrate the link between insidious trauma and oppressive experiences such as racism and sexism. They also included preliminary research purporting that self-esteem can be a mediator in the oppression and insidious trauma relationship. They also hypnotized and offered a research review on ethnic identity strength as a moderator in the negative relationship between multiple forms of discrimination and self-esteem, in turn, lessening to trauma symptoms. Based on these hypotheses, they clearly indicated their research questions. The literature review was composed of current research and comprehensive enough to capture the depthless of the research questions.

In studies of physical abuse in children, gay and lesbian individuals were more likely to report former abuse than heterosexuals. In one study, seventeen percent of gay and lesbian participants reported abuse, while only twelve percent of straight participants were determined to be abused as children. (Saewyc, Bearinger, Blum, and Resnick, 1999) Even in families, homosexuals were found to be abused worse than their straight siblings as children. (Tjaden, Thoennes, and Allison, 1999)

Ethnocentrism can be defined as judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture. Racism is prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s own race is superior. Chapter Five discusses different perspectives of Ethnocentrism and Racism by examining social and economic forces. In this paper, I will discuss my own experience with this topic as well as examining crucial issues that were pinpointed in the text. I will relate these issues in the text to current social problems that still arise in our society as well as social and economic factors that impact prejudice, discrimination, and oppression.

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Questioning individuals are almost 3 times more likely than others to experience a mental health condition such as major depression or generalized anxiety disorder (National Alliance on Mental Illness). That is around 55% of LGBTQ people who will develop a mental illness. While some mental illnesses can be genetic, prejudice and stigma have created a higher rate of mental illness in LGBTQ youth because mental illnesses and disorders develop due to prejudice resulting in hate crimes, the stigma of mental health, and the homophobia and transphobia in the United States - all of which that efforts to change are slowly being implemented in schools and homes around the nation. Prejudice and hate crimes such as sexual assault, murder, and torture are not something uncommon for LGBTQ people to experience. For instance, in 2016, 27 transgender people reported to have been murdered, that is more than two people murdered a month (Schmider). However, we can trace it back to much earlier than that.

The variables that were determined for this study was sexual orientation and focus on older female adolescents. These variables were included because Whitbeck had information from a study by D. Kilpatrick that proved there was higher chance of PTSD in female adolescents along with adolescents who have the same-sex sexual orientation experience more victimization and were kicked out of the house (p. 3). While these variables may be present through this study, this study should have not had so many variables to focus on, the study should have narrowed the study even further instead of leaving it open to the possibility of numerous

Marginalization may also be the explanation for the high risk of self-harm in gay, bisexual, transsexual teenagers who are 2 to 3 times more likely to self-harm than heterosexual young people, this groups results in regular absenteeism at school due to homophobic harassment. 50% of those reported bullied at school had contemplated self-harm, 40% of those had self-harmed at least once. A survey in 2000 to 2002 interviewed 2,430 lesbian women, gay men and bisexual men and women in England and Wales and concluded that there is a greater link between discrimination and mental health issues. (Truth Hurts, Mental Health Foundation 2006).

From the very start of “in search of respect” Bourgois goes over the worries he has about contributing to a “pornography of violence” that further marginalized the subjects of his study. Any detailed examination of social marginalization can encounter problems, most often times serious. With the Puerto Rican peoples, they have lived for generations under the control of the United States. Bourgois feared that his Ethnography may be misread as negative stereotypes or a hostile portrait of the poor. After already having been victims to colonialization, segregation, violence and abuse for generations. The Puerto Rican people, through the generations still held on to their dignity. Bourgois does not eroticize violence, nor did he for poverty

For my final project I want to look how I am effected each day by not only micro aggressions but other discriminatory cues. I want to delve deeper into the injustices of human intersectionality and give my responses or advice to my past self and those around me.

"It may seem sometimes as if a culture of peace does not stand a chance against the culture of war, the culture of violence and the cultures of impunity and intolerance. Peace may indeed be a complex challenge, dependent on action in many fields and even a bit of luck from time to time. It may be a painfully slow process, and fragile and imperfect when it is achieved. But peace is in our hands," – Kofi Annan. Canada had assimilated an absurd “notion of Canada’s roots as a ‘white settler society’,” thus shunning non-whites as a lower class. Minorities and immigrants were especially treated unfairly throughout the 20th century and labelled as ‘enemy alien’ as a consequence of the many wars taken place during that time period. They suffered

Samuel Huntington famously stated that the fiercest clashes have become battles between civilizations, according to him these clashes are neither ideological or economic, but rather cultural. Huntington couldn 't have been more mistaken. In reality, the modern world has become plagued with an increasing presence of intra-state wars as modern conflict has become synonymous with clashes between "individuals, groups, and communities that differ very little". Freud attempted to explain this perplexing occurrence as a "narcissism of minor differences" by stating that group solidarity requires the existence of an 'Other ', a minority, which through its suppression validates the identity of the majority. According to this logic, all communities despite their homogeneity must seek a minority within themselves in order to validate their existence. Bosnia 's cosmopolitanism prior to the Yugoslavian War provides us with a vivid example that this 'narcissism ' is a superficial explanation as to why 'fraternal ' conflict occurs. Prior to the war, Bosnia was not only the most ethnically integrated Yugoslavian republic, it was the poster-child of a multi-ethnic society in which various ethnicities not only coexisted but rather intermingled. This peaceful coexistence was disrupted by Slobodan Milosevic, Serbia 's president, who used Yugoslavia 's economic and political crisis of 1988 in his favour by essentializing the crisis along the lines of ethnic national identity. Through his