European Factory Workers and Urban Artisans

This change might not seem significant since some of the women were doing the same amount of work at factories as they did in their homes, but women began to contribute to the family income. A numerical value could now be assigned to the work the women did compare to the unpaid labor at home. “The Era of the Common Man” focuses in on

Before 1840 women were viewed as something that needed to be taken care of. They could not own property, fathers would not mention their daughters in their wills, women could not be treasurer of their own companies, it was the husband’s responsibility. Only seven vocations were available to them outside of the home in the late 1840’s; widows would receive no share of her husband’s property or his families, and if one did not marry or remarry she had to enter one of the few employments for her or be a charity case for her relatives. When factory jobs became available to women they were quickly taken because it gave women a way to be independent and not a burden to their loved ones, but earn and spend their own money however the wished. For once

During Britain’s Industrial Revolution, a multitude of different jobs were opened to the working class of men, women, and children. While this era offered a wide variety of new opportunities for everyone, women were somewhat excluded in areas such as occupation availability and wage due to the cultural norms of the time period.

During the long nineteenth century, political revolutions, industrialization, and European imperialism resulted in dramatic changes in the role of women in Western Europe and Eastern Asia. As industrialization spread in Western Europe, women were no longer able to fulfill their dual role as a mother and a worker. After the introduction of industrialization, laborious tasks were moved from the household to factories and women were forced to choose either the life of a mother or the life of a worker. Women who chose to leave their households were subjected to harsh conditions, low wages, and long hours. The majority of married and middle-class women were confined to the home, and deprived of an education and civil rights. Unlike the

The Second Industrial Revolution had a major impact on women's lives. After being controlled fro so long women were experiencing what it was like to live an independent life. In the late nineteenth century women were participating in a variety of experiences, such as social disabilities confronted by all women, new employment patterns, and working class poverty and prostitution. These experiences will show how women were perceived in the Second Industrial Revolution.

During “the 19th century, when the Industrial Revolution triggered a series of radical changes national cultural fabric of state societies, the pressures of modernization were also transforming the way of life in traditional communities of peasant and other rural folk” (Haviland et al. 349). One of these transformations brought about by the Industrial Revolution is the invention of the factory. The factory, like capitalism, originated in England, but eventually made its way to America, specifically the region of New England. The factory caused artisans to lose autonomy, now forced to work

Although females had push into the right direction, they still did face some adversity. “Many fully employed women defined themseleves as ‘homemakers’, outside the sphere of wage work” (Abelson, 117). This shows that even with all these changes for the better women did not shy away from their traditional roots.

The market revolution of the early 19th century brought about commercialization and industrialization. At the time before the surge of industrialization, there were artisans, who specially hand crafted goods. They took time and put love and hard work into everything they made. This was the case until the factories started booming and workers were needed to run these factories. This brought about a dilemma between the artisan and factory worker.

The industrial revolution swept through Europe and North America during the 19th century, affecting the class structure, economy, government, and even the religious practices of everyone who lived in or did commerce with these new "industrialized nations." It made the modern age possible, but it was not without its "growing pains." The position of women before the industrial revolution was often equivalent to chattel, and then as now, they were expected to take naturally to housework and child rearing. The history of working women in the Industrial Revolution is rife with accounts of abuse and tragedy, but overall it improved their position in capitalist societies. Below, I will explain the

Factory owners were small businessmen in tough competition, often in debt and trying to save money. Wages were low due to the large amount of employees factories needed

The expansion of Europe in the eighteenth century and the changing way of life in the eighteenth century also helped mold the western society. The population began to explode in the eighteenth century in Europe. There had to be limitations on population. Some things that helped the population were famine, disease and war. The reason population was growing so much was mainly because the plague had just ended. The cottage industry also with the population in the eighteen century. By this time the cottage industry challenged the monopoly of the urban craft industry. There was a lot of healthy people because of the plague had ended. There was a lot of working people because of the cottage industry. The eighteenth century was good to Europe.

The Irish potato famine started in 1845 and lasted for 6 years, killed over 1 million men, women , and children.The other million people left the country. It was caused by a disease among the potatoes called late blight that destroys the leaves and roots. The potato famine was the worst assurance in Europe.People tried to relieve the famine but they failed even the government. The great hunger started in 1846 a year after the potatoes died.The hunger caused lots of deaths throughout ireland.Food depots closed and the selling of Indian corn began to get money for the country. The Irish famine was the worst thing to come to Europe in the 19th century. The farmers had a hard time to provide for themselves and to supply the

Surely, she craved to write—meaning to work here—endangered her husband’s position as an authority. He would not have control any longer toward the narrator—his wife. In the 19th century upper class and middle class women were not expected to earn their own living. Women rarely had careers and most professions refused entry to women. In the middle of the 19th century it was virtually impossible for women to become doctors, engineers, architects, accountants or bankers. After a long struggle the medical profession allowed women to become doctors. It was not until 1910 that women were allowed to become accountants and bankers. However, there were still no women diplomats, barristers or judges. Women were allowed to become teachers majority of women became teaches but this was also a low paying job.

In paragraph three it tells us that prior to 1780 economic activity such as agriculture and craftwork was organised by households, and both male and female members of the family contributed of the family’s wellbeing. While in the fourth paragraph it tells us that the distinction of men being the breadwinner and women the housewives did don’t come along until industrialisation when much of productive activity moved to factories and shops. With this significant change Bilton, T.(2002) states “the home came to be understood not as a family enterprise, but as a refuge from the world of work”. With this newly developed ideology there were juristic consequences for all women, wives and daughters in different ways. Consequences such as a life of idleness , desperate search of a husband, prevention of a higher education, and for the working class women , it was exclusion from skilled occupations , lower wages and sharper segregation.

As workers moved to cities to work in factories, and progress in medical and sanitation practices improved, urban crowding became a huge issue. Additionally, where industry was taking over production in markets that had previously been dominated by small business owners, these skilled workers, weavers and the like, were now being forced to take jobs working for capitalist ventures-- often working in the industry coinciding with their master skill, but