Evaluation Of Proposed Wastewater Treatment Facility For Sand Valley, Nevada

The NPDES / MS4 Permit was created as part of the Clean Water Act and is administered through the FDEP. The NPDES Permit is issued every 5 years and is reviewed annually in terms of compliance. The City’s MS4 Program’s required activities are: Public Education and Outreach, Public Involvement, Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination, Construction Site Runoff Control, and Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations. Some of the BMP’s goals and activities in the City’s MS4 permit are: Public Service Broadcast on TV and Radio, Utility bill inserts, inlet stenciling, Recycling, Stormwater Mapping, Illicit Discharge Screening and Training, Street Sweeping, Staff Development Reviews, Construction Site and Building Site Erosion Control Requirements and Inspections, Drainage Maintenance, Fleet Maintenance, and Staff Training.

The clean water act has adopted some strategies such as introduction of NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) which is governed by United States Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA). The discharge of point source (Industrial wastes, agricultural wastes) material is mainly regulated by the NPDES (Mattioni,

Two things I learned was from Turtle pond lab was what B.O.D means for the ponds water quality and how to calculate it. To answer question number two I chose to explain the B.O.D results. I didn´t know much about the Biochemical oxygen demand so, I had to do a little bit of research on it. I find out that a high B.O.D measurement is actually bad because it means that the water is polluted and that B.O.D is used to measure a number of dissolved oxygen that an organism needs to break down organic material in a water sample. During this lab, I also learned how to measure BOD. When we were at the pond my job was to take a sample of the water in a black bottle and then 5 days later we would measure the dissolved oxygen in the sample. To find the

The Thomas Hill PWSD serves close to 10,000 households and the 2014 violation report shows no violations occurring. The testing that is done looks for “The Thomas Hill PWSD serves close to 10,000 households and the 2014 violation report shows no violations occurring. The testing that is done looks for “Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife. Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally- occurring or result from urban storm water runoff, industrial, or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming. Pesticides and herbicides, which

Due to diverse composition of the wastewater, which can be high concentrations of volatile organic compounds, chemicals, and materials of radioactivity. (Chameides, 2011) This diverse composition of wastewater can disrupt the natural operation of municipal treatment plants by inhibiting biological treatment. Additionally, the wastewater may facilitate the formation of harmful disinfection by products. Hence the need for specialized treatment plants for the oil and gas industry. (Maloney & Yoxtheimer, 2012) These specialized treatment plants will customarily be made up of 4 subcategories, “Metals Treatment and Recovery,” “Oils Treatment and Recovery,” “Organics Treatment and Recovery,” and “Multiple Waste streams.” (“Natural Gas Extraction – Hydraulic Fracturing | US EPA”,

Sediments are the main source of water pollution, contributing to turbidity issues as well as irregular or harmful nitrite/nitrate, phosphorus, and pH levels. This contributes to the death of marine organisms and can also change which organisms can survive in the body of water as its conditions change due to runoff. Anthropogenic runoff is also a contributor of adverse water effects, such as cultural eutrophication from fertilizer runoff, and also results in the death of aquatic animals and shifts in which organisms are more prominent in the ecosystem. This lab will address the effects soil will have on variables concerning water quality. There is also the option of including fish and/or aquatic plants in the water column, which are independent variables as well as the soil. The pH, ammonia levels, nitrite levels, temperature, D.O., and physical attributes are the dependent variables that will be measured during the lab. The qualitative physical tests (turbidity and odor) will portray the physical state and cleanliness of the water, as well as the level of runoff from the soil.

During the late 60’s and early 70’s a series of studies were conducted on public water supplies due to health concerns, which concluded that many treatment facilities were inadequate (2000). In an effort to address public health concerns, Congress enacted the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974, which was amended in 1986 and 1996 (2000). The SDWA outlines the federal standards for public drinking water, waste management, protection of drinking water sources, and the financial infrastructure for projects (Tiemann, 2014).

Municipal wastewater infrastructure across the state of Florida is old and in disrepair, while residential underground septic tanks often flood during storms and high tides. Florida homes in low-lying areas that treat their wastewater with septic tanks will likely need to replace their tanks with systems that can handle the rising groundwater levels. As South Florida’s population has increased in recent decades, its water and sewage treatment plants have struggled to keep pace. Much of the state’s infrastructure is now nearing the end of its useful life, so maintenance is even more important. Florida is not alone when it comes to these problems but is nearing a major overhaul soon. (Florida Sewage)

During rain events, a combination of contaminants from roadways, parking lots, manufacturing facilities and industrial sites enter storm drains [2]. This runoff is a major contributor to oil contamination in public water domains and if left untreated, it leads to greater pollution of our oceans, lakes, and rivers. Runoff can also contain heavy metals, such as potassium (K + ) , zinc (Zn 2+ ), lead (Pb 2+ ), copper (Cu 2+ ), and chromium (Cr 3+ ), all of which in large quantities are extremely toxic to biological environments [3]. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Clean Water Act (CWA) 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 122 indicates that facilities are required to obtain National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Systems

On July, 2011, USEPA Region 4 conducted a Compliance Sampling Inspection (CSI) at the Hattiesburg South Lagoon Plant to review the numerous non-compliance with the NPDES effluent permit limitations and odor complaints by residential nearby areas. Findings showed high organic loadings from the industrial influent wastewater, elevated concentrations of nutrients at the plant’s effluent, solids accumulation in all lagoons, dead-zones and inadequate mixing in the lagoons were observed due to the in operation of several aerators, unpleasant odors were found, and the facility’s historical data showed multiple violations in their NPDES permit limits for BOD5, total suspended solids (TSS), total residual chlorine (TRC), ammonia, and fecal coliform.

After the dirty water flows in to the treatment plant it goes through Bar Screens, then Grit Channels, which is followed by Influent Pumping, followed by Primary Settling, then to Oxygenation Tanks which undergoes a Secondary Setting then Effluent Pumping. Afterwards the water is then disposed either in the upper NY Bay or the Newark Bay. If after the Effluent Pumping process the water goes to the Main outfall is directed to the Upper NY Bay, if it instead goes to the Chlorine Contact Tank then it is disposed of in the Newark Bay

A group of subject 48350 Environmental and Sanitation Engineering students visited both plants, and observed the operations and maintenance of these wastewater treatment systems.

The outlying areas of Prince George are mostly rural with the only services being provided to them being electricity. As the City of Prince George expands, these rural areas are becoming more populated and people want a higher quality of living. In the region of a south east corner of the city limits are two roads called Midland Road, and Blackburn Road South. Location seen in Figure 1 on the next page. The soil conditions in this area are mostly clay and do not support the use of Septic Fields. Instead residents have to use Sewage Lagoons which can pose a problem in regards to spacing. These residents also have to get water through the use of wells.

The particular case study in review was an incident involving a waste Mercury reclaiming facility which contaminated the surrounding area to include a body of water. Any form of hazardous material contamination to the environment is a serious issue that should be taken with immediate serious reactions. Anytime a hazardous material is handled, moreover one that has been expended from its primary use should come with the automatic question of how proper disposal must be conducted. There is generally zero excuse for openly dumping a non-natural substance, let alone a waste product into nature. Operations dealing with hazardous chemicals need to use common sense and good housekeeping despite any delay in production or efficiency when results can have detrimental impacts to the environment furthermore the good standings of their operation.

The disposal of untreated wastewater coming from the industries into the water bodies will pollute the water bodies because of its high concentrations. So, the wastewater produced from the industry should be treated properly to meet the permissible limits given by central and state pollution control boards. Therefore it is necessary to treat the wastewater properly with the help of an appropriate treatment plant. However, the treatment plant even though properly planned may not work satisfactory because of several reasons. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the treatment plant considering individual treatment unit in the entire treatment flow. In the present work emphasis has been given to the study of the performance of treatment facilities because of its importance in the conventional treatment of wastewater. Hence, the literature review related to the evaluation of the entire treatment process along with biological treatment process particularly suspended growth process Activated Sludge Process (ASP), attached growth process Trickling Filter (TF) and a combination of the both suspended and attached growth process Hybrid Reactor (HR) is presented in the following sections of this chapter.