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Examination Of Domination Of Egypt By Timothy Mitchell, India By Catriona Ellis, And French West Africa

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Examinations of domination in Egypt by Timothy Mitchell, India by Catriona Ellis, and French West Africa by B. Ọlatunji Ọlọruntimẹhin demonstrate how colonial powers believed it necessary to “adapt and use indigenous institutions and persons for its purpose.” European people viewed these countries as backward and uncivilized because their social orders were chaotic in comparison to Western society. At first, these native cultures embraced the promise of modernity the European powers brought, but they later came to understand such processes come with at hefty and violent price. Mitchell states that political unrest in the Egyptian empire gave British officials the opportunity to offer what appeared to be help in order to regain order …show more content…

While this meant people could internalize their own supervision, it also meant officials did not have to be physically present to enforce behavior, which was often preferential. Punishments were severe from beatings to mutilation, depending on the offense. For both the British and the French, education was central to securing colonial power. Ọlọruntimẹhin argues that “the degree to which the colonized society becomes transformed to accord with the norms, values, roles, and institutions, embodied in the culture of the alien ruler is a function of the extent, content, and intensity of the educational system. ” Indian education already reflected the caste system that women and people of low birth received practical instruction for their respective functions in society, but not formal education. The British believed that education should be more widespread, and sought to teach the Indian people “the Western belief in progress through science and reason… and in loyalty to the great institutions of British rule.” Ellis argues that the British were not as successful in this dissemination of knowledge as in Egypt, and this created a generational divide within Indian society: the first generation rejected traditional beliefs and embraced the new ideals, yet the second generation seemed to rationalize both the cultural significance of the old ways and the benefits of the new. In French West Africa, the European

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