The sea has always been viewed as mighty, fluid and untameable. The Ancient Greeks lived in fear of perishing at sea; the notion that they could drown without leaving a trace, without glory and without closure for their loved ones terrified them. In Sophocles’ play ‘Antigone’ sea and storm imagery is utilised in order to convey this concept. Sophocles channels the Ancient Greeks’ beliefs about the sea into the Oedipus Curse to show its relentless, enduring essence. The genre of tragedy often contains such imagery, allowing the audience of the time to realise that natural order had been upset and seek catharsis at the end of the play. Sophocles uses sea and storm imagery, not only to show the disruption of natural order caused by the Oedipus …show more content…
The city of Thebes is troubled by a terrible curse brought about by Antigone’s father- and brother-Oedipus who had been destined to slay his father, Laius, and wed his mother. The city became plagued because Laius’ murderer had not been punished and catharsis had not been reached; the curse lived on through the descendants of Oedipus. Consequently, the ongoing sea and storm imagery throughout the play mirrors the incessant plague and emphasises its powerful and turbulent nature. An example of this is the simile ‘like a surge from the open sea, when the darkness of the deep is driven on … windswept headlands roar and groan as the waves strike against them’ (page 45, line 552). The plosive alliteration of ‘darkness’, ‘deep’ and ‘driven’ not only demonstrates the impact of the curse, but also adds a rhythmic sense to the line which echoes the beating of waves. Moreover, it forces the reader to accentuate the words and therefore contemplate their meaning; ‘darkness’ and ‘deep’ appear mysterious and mirror the Ancient Greeks’ fears of dying at sea, and when associated with the curse, reflect the fear of the unknown horrors that surround the Oedipus …show more content…
It is alluded that the gods control the fate of the city of Thebes and have the power to curse it during Creon’s first speech in Episode I. He addresses the curse saying, ‘after tossing the life of our city on the great waves of the ocean, the gods have safely righted it once more’ (page 15, line 159). This quotation illustrates how the people of the city- especially the descendants of Oedipus- have had a turbulent life with many lows because of the gods’ curse; they have had to ride the ‘great waves’ in the hope that the gods would eventually end the curse. The verb ‘tossing’ connotes a careless and bitter action- as if the gods do not care about the fate of a mere city and the lives of mortals, they just want to have retribution for the misdeeds of Oedipus. Furthermore, Creon’s false sense of security that ‘the gods have safely righted it once more’ is ironic as the audience know that this is not the case. The dramatic irony is a concept which is established within the structure of the play; during the Prologue it is evident to the audience that Creon has broken the religious law and, ergo, provoked the gods by not burying Polyneices- yet this does not become obvious to him until much later on in the play, which is typical of the tragedy genre. By using this, Sophocles is able to emphasize the inevitable fatality by pushing the readers to
In his play Antigone, Sophocles makes extensive use of religious and cultural allusions in order to develop ideas. Through the use of allusions to Zeus and other moral figures, he reinforces accepted moral standards, heightening the conflict between Antigone’s earthly morals and those of her religion. Sophocles also shows the dangers of hubris through his allusions to the downfall of Niobe, and Creon’s references to Nemesis. The motif of fate within Antigone and the rest of the Theban plays is developed through his allusion to Danae, as well as his references the Oedipal prophecy and to the Fates themselves. Through his use of allusion, Sophocles gives great insight into aspects of the human condition, the moral ambiguities of our world, and
A kingdom cursed by the gods, doomed to die by famine and plague, in Sophocles’ play Oedipus the King, the people of Thebes and their king desperately cry out to the divine and beg for mercy and a way to end their agony. Finally, a glimmer of hope, a riddle that a prophet can solve, and the damned nation call to him for help. A directed scene of what plays out in Oedipus’ confrontation of the truth of his fate with Tiresias is covered in this document. The scene is set in its traditional form of ancient Greece but contains the contemporary English language of Robert Fagles’ translation so that modern audiences can more thoroughly understand and enjoy the content of the play while preserving the cultural charms of the time period. The background
As the tragedy concludes, the chorus issues its final words: "Pray for no more at all. For what is destined for us, men mortal, there is no escape," demonstrating how justice remains impartial to the prejudice of men; those who make imprudent judgments will ultimately suffer from the consequences of their actions. In Sophocles' Antigone, these prejudices notably surface in the form of paternalism as demonstrated through Creon's government, highlighting the importance of gender roles throughout the play. Therefore, analyzing the motif of gender roles and its effect on the definition of justice through the perspectives of Ismene, Antigone, and Creon enables the audience to understand how Sophocles' macroscopic analogy to humanity's
One reference to nature imagery is the weather. Throughout the play, Sophocles makes use of weather imagery in relation to storms to support struggle and conflict. This is immediately identified at the very beginning, where the Chorus provides a backstory of the war between Antigone’s two brothers, Polynices and Eutecoles. The war is referred to an auditory image, described as a “thunder of war in his ears”. Thunder is often connotated with anger and that of violent natures, therefore the use of this metaphor is appropriate for this illustration. Further conflicts are easily identified in the chorus, where the Theban elders chant that “no ship that rides the angry sea her mastering hand can stay” (Sophocles 151), illustrating the discrepancy
Some of the times the Chorus speaks in this drama, it seems to side with Creon and the established power of Thebes. The Chorus's first speech (117–179) describes the thwarted pride of the invading enemy: The God Zeus hates bravado and bragging. Yet this encomium to the victory of Thebes through Zeus has a cunningly critical edge. The Chorus's focus on pride and the fall of the prideful comments underhandedly on the willfulness seen in Antigone and will see in Creon. In Creon's first speech, where he assumes the “Now here I am, holding all authority and the throne, in virtue of kinship with the dead” and reiterates his decree against the traitor Polynices (191-192). In lines 308-309 the Chorus says to Creon “My lord: I wonder, could this be God’s doing? This is the thought that keeps on haunting me. The Chorus is questioning Creon if it could be the doing of God who buried Polynices, Creon replies; “Stop, before your words fill even me with rage that you should be exposed as a fool, and you so old. For what you say is surely insupportable when you say the gods took forethought for this corpse” (310-313).
Creon, the King of Thebes, produced a law in lines 222-228 that a man named Polynices could not be buried, a law that he knew was in direct opposition to a law of the gods. When Antigone tried to follow the gods’ law by burying Polynices, Creon had her locked up. Creon would have known the laws of the gods, being Grecian--perhaps even better than most, being an educated man--however, he made the law anyway. Sophocles’ example through Creon gives the audience an example of deliberate disobedience and how easy it is to affront the gods, even if it seems like the honorable thing to do. And Creon did think this; because Polynices was a traitor, Creon was opposed to honoring him with burial, so inducting the law that he could not be into society. Nobility notwithstanding, this law was against the gods.
Antigone is an ancient Greek play, originally written by tragedian Sophocles, that has been adapted by the French playwright and dramatist, Jean Anouilh. This well-regarded interpretation of the play retains its classical plotline but explores theories of tragedy and how tragedy has moulded this classical play. During this theatrical piece, the protagonist, Antigone, ignites disastrous events that gravely impact not only her family, but the city of Thebes. Furthermore, A World Enclosed is an archetype of tragedy that perfectly represents Antigone. This archetype of tragedy is demonstrated in a plethora of ways throughout the play: Antigone’s stubbornness and determination, her over willingness and persistence to obey the gods, and how the chorus, essential and solitary figures in Greek plays, comment on how tragedy functions within the play.
The sea is the biggest archetype found in the Odyssey; it represents a man’s life, and this is used to show how pride brings destruction. “[Athena] I am anxious about him, poor fellow, kept from his friends… in that island covered with trees, and nothing but the waves all round it, in the very middle of the sea!” (Homer p.g. 12); the waves represent the struggles found on the life of a person, in this case Odysseus, problems caused by his pride after letting his companions “outrageously [kill the cattle of Helios]” (Homer p.g. 146), thinking himself superior than the gods by allowing his companions to defy a direct order of a god, Helios. ”Then I [Odysseus] went away along the island in order to pray to the gods, if any of them might show me some course to sail on” (Homer p.g. 135), after praying to the gods, Odysseus gets a clear course to follow on the sea, after the gods clear the sea of waves, which are a representation of a man’s problems, showing once again how honoring the gods takes away any misfortune brought by
The city of Thebes has been cursed by a plague caused by an unclean being that murdered Laius. While in despair, Oedipus cursed
In Sophocles' great play, Antigone, we explore the idea of human suffering and the reasons why humans must experience such a terrible thing. We are presented with the ideas of hubris and human authority as being causes for our characters' suffering. The first idea shows excessive pride leading to Creon's downfall, while the second shows Antigone's resistance to human law eventually ending with her death.
Tragedian, Sophocles, in his play, Antigone, illustrates a controversial decision regarding a lack of burial for a former prince of Thebes. Sophocles’ purpose is to convey the idea that, when people are arrogant and only consider one perspective, they do not take other people’s opinions into account because they believe that their own perspective to be superior to any other that anyone else could create. This may render them incapable of understanding any flaws that may exist in their thinking until they have already faced the consequences of those flaws. Sophocles adopts an assertive tone in order to appeal to similar feeling and experiences in his audience, the Greeks of the fifth century BC. In Sophocles’ play, Antigone, Creon demonstrates excessive pride in himself by refusing to listen to the respected elders of Thebes and the renowned wise prophet Tiresias. Creon’s rash decisions throughout the tragedy eventually led to terrible consequences before he was able to make amends to them. These consequences include the deaths of his loved ones, as well as the grief that comes from suffering those losses.
Although Antigone is considered a tragedy, these tragical actions revolve around love. Antigone is the second of The Three Theban Plays written by Sophocles, all Ancient Greek tragedies. In the city of Thebes, Creon, the ruler of the city, orders that one of Antigone’s brothers, Eteocles, be buried formally, however the other one, Polyneices, left to “rot.” Inside, Antigone knows this is truly unfair and tries to bury Polyneices formally, however, Creon catches her and is extremely upset. Throughout the play, a combination of love and grief control actions, resulting in the characters defying law, defending lovers, and even killing themselves for others.
To identify the tragic hero in Sophocles’ renowned play “Antigone”, we should first consider both the elements present in Greek tragedies and what characteristics define a tragic hero. Aristotle’s definition of tragedy is: “Tragedy is a story taking the hero from happiness to misery because of a fatal flaw or mistake on his part. To be a true tragic hero he must also elicit a strong emotional response of pity and fear from the audience. This is known as catharsis or purging of emotion.” In most cases the tragic hero begins
Antigone is a play that was written in ancient Greece by the playwright Sophocles. It is the third play in a trilogy of tragedies about the city-state of Thebes, revolving around Oedipus Rex. Antigone starts the day after a civil war fought between the two sons of Oedipus Rex after his death. The civil war ended in death for both brothers, so their uncle, Creon, assumed the role of King of Thebes. The main conflict of the play begins when Creon gives one brother, Eteocles, a burial with honors, but passes a law forbidding a burial for the other brother, Polyneices with the penalty of death. One of the sisters of Eteocles and Polyneices, Antigone disagrees with this law, and decides to bury Polyneices, resulting in Creon sentencing Antigone to death. A conflict emerges between Antigone and Creon, who appear to be opposites. However, despite Antigone and Creon’s different stances on law, they are ultimately more similar than different because of their shared value of loyalty and their shared characteristic, hubris.
Nearly every Greek play has a clear central theme that is emphasized by both its characters and its structure. The everlasting Theban plays are no exception to this. Of the three Theban plays, Oedipus the King is the finest example of how a drama’s structure and characters heavily contribute to the development of the theme. In the prologue of Oedipus the King by Sophocles, the audience learns that the city-state of Thebes, ruled by a beloved man by the name of Oedipus, is in shambles. However, almost immediately after the audience discovers this, the supposed solution is revealed. In order to cure the city of Thebes, Oedipus must delve deeper into the mysterious death of the previous king, Laius, and punish whoever is responsible for his