The exchange theory is a psychological theory that helps individuals make choices based on the costs and benefits of the situation. The person visualizes the outcome to help make a decision, most times the benefits are good outcomes and the costs are what they might be losing. The more the benefits outweigh the costs, the easier and the more efficient the outcome will be. In the novel, Road Ends by Mary Lawson, the main characters take many life changing decisions by using the exchange theory. The first major exchange theory in Road Ends is the relationship between Tom and Adam. Obviously, Adam was too young to consciously be aware that he was participating but Tom made most decisions based on this theory. At first Tom was very …show more content…
The more time he spent with Adam the more the benefits would grow and balance out the costs. Tom eventually allowed Adam to stay in his room (something that was forbidden in his old mind). Caring for Adam allowed Tom to take in consideration what he wanted to do in his life, it also allowed him to interact with other people, such as his dad, the waitress at Harper’s and eventually his sister Megan. This relationship benefited Adam more than he would have thought, it allowed him to eat, to socialize and to feel needed. As their relationship grew; slowly but surely, it allowed for the brothers to connect and build a relationship. “The thought came to him in a violent rush that if he ever had a reason to think Sherry was being unkind to Adam, in any way he would grab her by the hair and throw her out the door” (Lawson, 104). Because Tom did not like the way Sherry was treating Adam, it forced him to fire her and give his brother justice; he tough Adam how fold his own diaper, and he even tough him about aerodynamics. By firing the maid, he took a chance with the house being disastrous again, and having an excuse to bring his sister back home. The other major part in the story where the reader can notice costs and benefits; is the relationship Megan has with herself. She started from fulfilling a motherly role to jumping into a life she had no idea even existed. She took a big
These lines show that Tom’s life is luxurious, while Chamber’s life is the complete opposite. Although Tom gets more, it is almost damaging to him because he grows up extremely self-centered. Tom’s poor character is visible when he treats Chambers unfairly. Tom, "staked him with marbles to play “keeps” with, and then took all the winnings away from him" (27). This is just one of the cruel things Tom does to Chambers.
| Tom wants his old life back prior to the accident and he sees the accident as the end of his life as he knew it. He loses his sense of identity and sense of family in particular.Feels guilty and ashamed about the irrevocable consequences his brother’s irresponsibility had for other people and their familiesRetreats into a depressed state which feels empty and black.
The loss of her husband causes Amanda to develop a dependence on her children. She wants Tom and Laura to become successful. Amanda complains that Tom does not earn enough money at the shoe factory. She wants him to attend night school so he can attain a better career.
Interpersonal communication is a form of communication that takes place between two people who have an established relationship. There are many different levels of interpersonal communication and theories of interpersonal communication. One of the theories that is used to explain changes in social behavior is the social exchange theory. The social exchange theory proposes that social behavior is the result of an exchange process between two people. The basic concept of the exchange theory is that it emphasizes the cost between the interactions of people and their social environment. Exchange theory attempts to explain human behavior under the content of a balanced-equal ratio within the distribution of giving and receiving. "At the heart
Through The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson by Mark Twain, he shows through juvenalian satire the irony of Tom’s life. Tom shows through his actions that he is a man of no morals. He gambles, steals and treats his family poorly. These actions come back to haunt Tom as he is the man who should be working on the plantation not Chambers. He is eventually sold down the river ironically as he tries to do the same to his mother.
Social exchange theory includes the following concepts: success, stimulus, value, deprivation, satiation, aggression, and approval. Homans defined each of these concepts explicitly in his book and various articles. The success concept which he defines is the principle of reward. (Homans, 1983, p. 33) While stimulus is defined when a stimulus presents itself and it resembles a previously rewarded activity, that individual is likely to repeat that action again. (Homans, 1950, Chapter 4) Homans defined value as a system of rewards and punishments. (Homans, 1983, p. 32) Deprivation and satiation was defined as the more often a reward has recently been received, the less valuable further rewards become. And if forced for a long time to go without a certain reward, an individual will lose interest and move on. (Homans, 1983, p. 33) Lastly, aggression and approval falls under the principle of distributive justice. When behavior does not receive the expected reward the response is anger. Yet, when the individual receives a greater reward than what is expected or does not receive punishment he will be pleased. (Homans, 1950, Chapter 4).
In everyday interactions people are always looking to have a positive experience among those with whom they interact. According to the Social Exchange theory, with each interaction an individual has with another, that individual attempts to maximize the positive outcomes and minimize the negative. The purpose of this paper is to apply the Social Exchange theory to an authentic real life situation to best illustrate the theory and the key concepts that it holds. In applying the social exchange theory from demonstration, to application, to then explanation, a better understanding in
The other major part in the story where the reader can notice costs and benefits; is the relationship Megan has with herself. She started from
The Social Exchange theory proposes that we make decisions with the goal to maximize benefits and minimize costs (Newman, 2009, p.64). The choices we make require social approval and self-sufficiency. A family will make sacrifices if they perceive the action will equal rewards. Basically the theory refers to a give and take relationship where there needs to be balance for the relationship to be satisfying.
Along with the character transformation in “A Doll’s House”, Tom, from “The Glass Menagerie”, also goes through some character changes. Throughout the entire play, Tom was working in a warehouse trying to support his family. While working there, he was struggling with his dreams of becoming a merchant marine. Towards the end of the play, when Tom introduces his friend Jim O’Connor to his sister Laura, his mother hopes that this could be a man that Laura could settle down with and someday marry. When Amanda finds out that Jim is already engaged, she blames Tom. She is furious that Tom brought a gentleman caller over
There are many ways Tom has become a finer person, and it has been proven many times throughout the book. After meeting Becky, he’s found out that girls can be sensitive. He realizes that he can’t behave around girls the same way he does around other boys. Tom doesn’t want to lose Becky like he did with Amy, so he will make sure to be as careful as if he
I have chosen to focus on the following theories: systems theory, ecological theory and exchange theory.
This is demonstrated when the guilt that Charlotte feels because she indirectly makes her siblings give up part of their life, makes her more determined to develop herself in positive ways and to help her siblings. Additionally, the guilt that Ann feels towards not being able to help her siblings encourages her to become more confident. This is demonstrated when the three older siblings travel to their invented worlds in order to proceed with their plan and she says to herself that “[she] cannot leave them alone. [...] Old Tom Old Tom.
Social Exchange Theory – Social behavior exchange theory is an exchange between parties as a representative of consent and status (Homans, 1958, p.
Symbolic interaction theory is also the same way. Social exchange theory takes a look at behaviors in relation to death as exchanges between individuals and how they seek reciprocity as well as the positive social implications of their actions (Leming, 2011.) Much of this theory relies on social expectations and norms. The biggest example of this is why people are motivated to attend funerals. Not only are they seeking closure for themselves but they are partaking in a social event that bears social rewards for them in the long run amongst their peers.