Executive Order 8802

Theres is no secret that the blatant civil rights violations imposed on blacks in America through racial segregation laws served as an injustice to all American citizens in the mid-1900s. At the heart of the segregation battle was the obvious mistreatment, both physical and emotional, bestowed onto African Americans by their white counterparts, especially in the South. After decades of harsh mistreatment, African American leaders sought out to challenge, and ultimately change, the laws and legislation drafted by their government centuries before those men and women existed. Though peaceful protests were a common method of action blacks chose to partake in, many of these individuals were met commonly with acts of violence from angry southerners

In the constitution it states that the Presidents purpose is; to be chief of state, chief executive, chief administrator, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislature, party chief, and chief citizen (The presidents job description). As the chief of legislature, one of the presidents duties is to not only review bills being proposed by congress, and occasionally say they must be revised but to also enact laws affecting the people of the United States immediately, rather than wait for them to move up through the many levels and debates of congress. For this, he can use the power of an executive order, a constitutional way to provide laws that relate to national welfare or the good of the citizens. A few good example of this would be executive order 13767, which moves for additional border security on the United States southern border, and executive

Democratic Senator James O. Eastland put forth a strong expression in June 1945 after the war in Europe was over. He expressed that "the Negro race is a dreadful race" and that "the Negro warrior was an articulate and horrid disappointment in battle" he proceeded with "they have disfavored the banner of this nation" (Henretta, 2012). Obviously, Eastland's allegations were untrue. Numerous blacks were honored medals for their boldness in battle (Henretta, 2012). On July 26, 1948 President Truman marked Executive Order 9981, which states, "It is therefore announced to be the strategy of the President that there should be uniformity of treatment and open door for all people in the furnished administrations without respect to race, color,

The United States underwent vast transformations, especially in the South. New political, social, and economic systems emerged that transformed the South from a rural, slave-based society, to an increasingly urban, industrialized, free labor society. The changes to the social, political, and economic landscape of the South prompted an unprecedented era of racial violence throughout the region (Jett, p.40).

Race was a heated issue in the 1800’s, which finally broke into the Civil War. Black men young and old wanted desperately to be allowed to fight for their own stake in this war. This paper helps to describe the climate surrounding this issue and the changes that gave way allowing for black men to serve.

In World War 2 Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor causing a distrust with Japanese Americans thinking that they will defend their country and betray the US. Franklin D Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066. Executive Order 9066 was a United States presidential executive order signed and issued during World War II by Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, authorizing the Secretary of War to clear out certain areas as military zones to deport of Japanese Americans. Japanese Americans were rounded up and kicked out their homes to be sent on to trains, they were allowed to keep their valuables and stay together as a family. Camps were placed in desert where the Japanese were exspoded to the scorching heat. When walking into the camp they

“Black New Deal administrator, housing expert, and economist Robert C. Weaver was placed in charge of Negro employment and training in the Office of Production Management (OPM) and on June 12 the president made a public memorandum sent by William Knudsen and Sidney Hillman, the heads of OPM, to defense contractors requiring to use black workers fully.” In the civil rights movement this was a huge step for African Americans. They were slowly beginning to be treated as equals. After a threat of one hundred thousand African Americans marching on the capital protesting full involvement in the military and defensive industries without discrimination the president had basically no choice but to pass Executive Order 8802. “The executive order declared that U.S. government policy mandated full participation in the defensive industries without discrimination on grounds of ‘race, creed, color, or national origin.’ It also prohibited discrimination in employment in the federal government and defense industires and established a Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) to receive and investigate complaints and redress grievances.” The issue of full involvement in the military as equals

At home, the war exertion powered the movement of blacks out of the South to the mechanical urban communities of the North. This statistic move frequently brought about racial pressure and uproars, as in Detroit in 1943. Nonetheless, it likewise made conceivable the incorporation of African Americans in the process of childbirth associations, for example, the United Automobile Workers or the United Steelworkers, and empowered the development of a generally prosperous dark white collar class. Under weight from social equality supporters, for example, A. Philip Randolph, President Roosevelt marked Executive Order 8802,

As the 50th year anniversary of the 1967 rebellion that took place in Detroit Michigan during the hot sweltering days of July 23 through July 27, 1967, is rapidly approaching, history has shown that this was not the first instance of racial animus in the United States, and it certainly will not be the last. In this directed study of the rebellion, I will attempt to document and give evidence of the events leading up to the rebellion, the historical impact that has distinct correlations, and the overriding theme that integration between Whites and Blacks in America is an experiment that has not and will never become effectuated.

The wicked vice of racial discrimination towards African Americans has, over the course of almost six centuries, indelibly tainted social, economic and cultural relations between those of all racial profiles in the “Land of the Free”. Historically speaking, the African American experience is imbued in pain and suffering for centuries of malfeasance on the part of white American-dominated governments. Institutional racism combined with social and cultural discrimination towards African Americans has been tremendously destructive to the advancement and psychological morale of American blacks. The barbarism of slavery, racial segregation, culturally ingrained racism and violent lynchings have all at certain periods flourished in the modern day United States. The public pressure of the African American Civil Rights Movement of the mid 1960s culminated in the 1964 Civil Rights Act and brought about significant changes to American life, especially in the Southern states. The intended purpose of this Act was to once and for all provide all race groups with equal access to opportunities in employment and education. However President Lyndon B. Johnson would, at the start of his presidency upon the passing of the Act in 1965, build on the dream of African American rights crusaders such as Martin Luther King initiating the

The prevalence of environmental issues in the public awareness reached a point where government was forced to take action in 1979. When Henry Love abandoned construction of a canal in New York in 1920, the site was bought by Hooker Chemical and used as a toxic chemical waste dumping site for the next 33 years (Schons 2011). Then in 1953 Hooker Chemical sold the Love Canal to the school board, and construction of a school began. In the mid to late 1970s, when children’s shoes began melting to the ground and children got sick the residents organized and protested. Media coverage increased and showed toxic black sludge oozing into people’s basements (Schons 2011). The lack of awareness of environmental and health consequences of chemical dumping

On February 19th 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order No. 9066. This Order authorized the Secretary of War to allocate Japanese-American citizens to work camps in Military areas in the Western United States. The second paragraph’s first sentence of the Order says “As the President and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, I command and direct the Secretary of War, and the Military Commanders, whenever they feel that when it is necessary to forgather the appropriate persons to a selected military area, where the appropriate Commander shall place the restrictions of allowance to leave, remain in, or enter the camp.” This Order was the response to the ongoing war with Japan, as the government

African Americans want to fight, are anxious to fight but only on the same footing as the rest. They want an equal chance from start to finish rising up to highest possible place by merit. After the World War II the social and economic difference between the white and black increased. The GI bill powered whites upward class mobility after the war. The readjustment benefits of the GI bill underwrite a massive shift of white men from working class job to the professional and managerial occupations. By 1955 veterans had substantially higher incomes, more liquid assets, and were more

By 1900 Southern states passed many laws that would formally segregate everything. During the 1920s Marcus Garvey believed in empowering blacks economically. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association based in Harlem, New York. Deemed The Harlem Renaissance, it was the center of black politics and culture. In 1936, “Gallup polls estimated that 76 percent of Northern blacks had voted for [Franklin D. Roosevelt].” Some of the New Deal programs by FDR offered federal and state aid to African Americans. As the black vote became critical to the Democratic Party, the administration was more receptive to African Americans demands. “FDR appointed the first federal black judge and the unofficial Black Cabinet to investigate civil rights abuses and advise him on racial matters.” World War II would provide an opportunity to cease racial prejudice. At first, wartime industries refused to hire blacks and FDR issued an executive order that “. . . forbade discrimination in the defense industries and government . . . and established the Fair Employment Practices Committee to handle complaints of discrimination.” During the war almost one million blacks served including having the first African American general in the United States Army. Although the military was still segregated.

The policies established by Wilson’s cabinet made it arduous for African Americans to secure high-level employment in the civil service even though they had held such positions in previous Republican administrations. Besides the segregation of offices in federal agencies, recruitment procedures also became racial in nature. The applicants for available positions in federal agencies were required to attach their photographs so that their race could become apparent to the recruiting panels. However, the president claimed that these procedures were not a movement against the blacks, but an effort to protect their interest. Most of the appointments in government positions that had previously reserved for blacks went to whites. It was unbelievable that a president would have such views and ignore the racial strides Americans had made after the Civil War. His beliefs on segregation in government were a humiliation and degradation of the blacks since they had previously enjoyed equitable access to federal jobs and integration with their white counterparts.