Experiment Synthesis Essay

6) The tape was used to measure gas accumulation in the balloon after 1minute. Measurement and qualitative observations were recorded.

Alka-seltzer Lab Report Statement of the Problem: The question of this lab was to find the optimum amount of Alka-Seltzer and water to achieve the highest launch possible. As Alka-Seltzer can dissolve in H2O and release CO2g (carbon dioxide gas), the gas is trapped inside the container and starts to gain pressure. This is the combination produces Sodium Bicarbonate which releases CO2g and other products. When the pressure in the container reaches maximum pressure, the lid will pop off releasing the gas and making it fly upwards.

The renewable energy that the Georges produced through the bio-gas is set up to offset the farm's electricity use and/or sell the power at wholesale rates to the local utility. In the article it stated that the change to bio-gas results in less odor-causing compounds in manure in a liquid storage system and the breaking down of manure in the digester changes the organic nitrogen into ammonium which is when spread on the fields it’ll become more readily available when consumed by the plants allowing for less nutrient runoff. Also reduces weeds appearing in the fields causing less weeds growing with crops. Another great thing about the digestion process it also reduces methane, a greenhouse gas, emissions (basically global warming) which would otherwise remain in the atmosphere for 9 to 15

Cow patties that have beetles in them released less methane than cow patties that had no beetles in them.

Sixty thousand pounds of wet manure is produced each day by the five thousand cows that are located on the George DeRuyter and Sons dairy farm in Outlook Washington (Bonneville). You might be thinking “that’s a lot of crap”, well you’re right! The positive to all this crap is that something can be done with it. Anaerobic Digestion is a biological method when microorganism hydrolyze-break down- waste material when there is no oxygen present (American 1). Anaerobic digesters can take animal wastes, such as cow manure, and through a process break the waste down into organic molecules that can be further hydrolyzed and used as an energy source. If further steps are taken such as, removing carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen from the substance then

In addition to contaminating ground and surface water, CAFOs also make contributions to the reduction of air quality in regions surrounding commercial farms. Animal feeding operations produce many sorts of air emissions, with gaseous and particulate substances, and CAFOs produce even more emissions due to their size. The primary source of gaseous emissions is the decomposition of animal manure, while particulate materials are due to the movement of animals. The type, quantity, and rate of emissions created relys on what state the manure is in (solid, slurry, or liquid), and the way it is handled or contained after it is expelled. Occasionally manure is “stabilized” in anaerobic lagoons, which decreases volatile solids and controls smell before

In order to convert the cow manure into energy we would need an anaerobic digester. An anaerobic digester gets its name from the anaerobic microorganisms that thrive in its oxygen free tank. In fact, this is how an anaerobic digester works. Its oxygen free tank allows anaerobic microorganisms to exist in abundance. The anaerobic microorganisms then use the manure for energy, and in the process produce methane gas as a byproduct. After some treatment, the methane gas can then be burned in order to produce electricity. My team and I have decided to buy

This paper looked into the potential for agricultural solid waste-to-energy projects in cattle and dairy farms of the US Midwest. The use of animal dung, or manure, as fertilizer is historically well-developed in the Midwest. Waste-to-energy projects, on the other hand, have taken off only recently and may be able to address a portion of energy demand in these states while reducing landfill input. Some agricultural waste is simply burned without any further purpose

In the world of global warming, all kinds of pollution and fuel shortages going on, renewable and clean/ green energy is increasingly the ideal solution of energy related problems we have to solve one way or another. Biofuel is one of the mainstream and highly supported solutions nowadays, an idea to make renewable fuel by living organisms such as fiber, corn, vegetable oil or sugar cane. Unlike nonrenewable fossil fuels over extracted by people causing various environmental problems like generating a considerable amount greenhouse gas, current technology already lets renewable fuel like biofuels to shrink a certain amount of greenhouse gas production, making it a more ‘clean’ source of energy.

Anaerobic digestion is not commonly known, but it uses a simple biologic process to create biogas, a renewable energy. The purpose of anaerobic digestion is to convert organic matter, like liquid or solid waste, into biogas. Its main definition is a biological process in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The wastes that are used in this process ranges from manure, wastewater, food waste, fats, oils, and grease (American Biogas Council, n.d.). Anaerobic digestion starts with various kinds of bacteria converting and breaking down certain nutrients such as carbohydrates, sugars, amino acids, and organic acids (American Biogas Council, n.d.). After all of the conversions take place, the methanogens in the manure or waste convert the leftovers into methane and carbon dioxide (American Biogas Council, n.d.). When all of the methanogens are used, the biogas is then collected and stored in a tank for usage. Biogas can be converted into energy by burning biogas for heat in one’s house, using the methane to power an electric generator, and methane is also flared to reduce carbon footprint (Construct, 2008). There are many different kinds of bacteria that cause anaerobic digestion. Almost 70 percent of all bacteria found in the digestion process are encapsulated cocci and irregularly shaped bacteria that resemble fiber digesters (Akin, 1980). The encapsulated bacteria are much stronger and have a smaller chance of neutralization. The bacteria are both acidogenic, and acetogenic that break down the acids and sugars (American Biogas Council, n.d.). These kinds of bacteria will break down acids, sugars, and carbohydrates, but the bacteria will not produce methane (American Biogas Council, n.d.). Anaerobic

“Animal agriculture is responsible for 14.5% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, more than the combined exhaust from all transportation” (Gerber, 2013), yet it remains an industry that lacks attention when it comes to solving the problem of GHG secretion. Animal agricultural practices contribute predominately methane, along with nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. This impact on the make-up of the climate and how it functions will inevitably effect many livelihoods along with the survival of earth itself. Therefore, exploring how these gases are emitted, along with uncovering mechanisms to evolve the industry, lessening its emissions is essential.

Methane is one of the important green house gases and its production in India is 105 Tg/year, out of which about 60% is produced by enteric fermentation of ruminants. About 92% of it is produced only by cattle and buffalo and 8% is generated by all other herbivorous animals like sheep, goat, yak, mithun, horse, elephants etc. The mitigation techniques of methane include plant secondary metabolites (tannins, saponins, essential oils and alkaloids containing plants), inorganic terminal electron acceptors (nitrates and sulphates), chemical composition of feed (concentrate/roughage ratio) and chemical and microbial intervention. By using these techniques individually or in combination, might lead to 30-40% methane inhibition.

Anaerobic digester (AD) systems produce electricity and heat from the biogas produced from organic inputs. Farm-based AD systems represent a significant opportunity for farmers to capture new value from agricultural product and byproducts, and from some off-farm organic inputs. As farm-based green energy becomes a new on-farm product, more and more farmers will be looking at ways to finance and build AD systems.

In addition to nitrogen releases, agricultural activities contribute significant amounts of carbon dioxide and methane to the environment, both of which are GHGs. Within this sector, methane enters the atmosphere mainly through enteric fermentation by ruminants, manure, and rice paddies. Without taking into account emissions from fossil fuel use, agriculture is responsible for about one third of global net carbon dioxide emissions as a result of deforestation, burning of biomass, and draining of wetlands (Johnson, Franzluebbers, Weyers, & Reicosky, 2007). Carbon dioxide emissions associated with fossil fuels on the farm are mostly due to diesel combustion from machinery used for planting, tilling, and fertilizer and pesticide application. Production and transportation of agricultural inputs should also be considered to account for

This is highly due to the fact that 70% of Pakistan population is involved in the agricultural sector which counts for 35% of our export earnings, and thus for the sake of building a solid foundation for development a nation must start from the bottom up. Crux of the Environmental and Economic Problem and Providing a Solution Adapting to Biogas is an initiative that can help keep the environment substantially cleaner by avoiding the uncontrollable release of the green house gas methane, which is released form decomposing cow or buffalo dung. Also, since Pakistan is covered with only 5% forestation, whereas the average country should have at least 25% forest cover, Biogas is an alternative of wood use and will correlate with increasing forest cover since people will turn to this renewable energy resource instead of the chopping and burning of unnecessary wood. Biogas is also a renewable energy resource because as the dung releases the gas during the fermentation process, after its release from the outlet of the plant it can also be reused to assist in producing gas again, if not fully dried out. And when fully dried out, it becomes excellent and perfectly organic fertilizer or even works as a bacteria resistant bedding for the cows/bulls, which in turn has multiple benefits for the farmer. Biogas can also decrease the expenses incurred by poor