Exposure In Domestic And Laboratory Animals Lab Report

Horrigan, L., Lawrence, R., & Walker, P. (2002). How sustainable agriculture can address the environmental and human health harms of industrial agriculture. Environmental Health Perspective. In this article, Horrigan agrees with Pollan that there is definitely a problem with using corn-based feed for animals who are to then be fed to human beings. Specifically, Horrigan examines both animal feed and the danger of other forms of pollution which have an impact on human food production and eventual consumption. The authors make the claim that animal consumption itself is highly dangerous and perhaps should be universally abolished in order to help the environment in terms of pollutants and to help humans in their health concerns.

The 20-year old male was experiencing nausea and diarrhoea; a common result of mushroom poisoning due to the gastrointestinal irritants contained within the mushrooms. However, considering these symptoms alongside the abdominal pain and tender liver, suggested inflammation of the liver, problems with liver function and hence suspected acute hepatitis or liver failure. Biochemical tests were performed to test the function of the liver and the results were as shown in Table 1. These tests were used to estimate the severity of the disease and hence the likelihood of the continuation into acute liver failure.

Mice, from an Austrian government study, that were given GM corn had fewer babies, and the babies were often smaller than normal. GM cotton has also affected cotton workers throughout India, whom are experiencing allergy and flu-like symptoms. The British Medical Association supports GM foods, but still states that “more research is encouraged and needed” to prove safety, this shows that it is not completely safe yet. This medical association also believes that close monitoring should be done on GM foods, “especially over the long term.” In the United Kingdom, soy allergies increased by fifty-percent after GM soy was used, this is because GM foods are more concentrated than sprays. In the late 1980’s there was a disease that took more than four years to identify, it was deadly and “caused 5,000-10,000 people to fall sick or become permanently disabled.” This epidemic was caused by L-tryptophan, a GM brand of a food supplement. This information shows that there is a possibility of harm in the long-term and it has concerned many doctors from different areas.

Tree nuts include hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, cashews and pistachios (1). Peanut and tree nut allergies are the most common cause of life-threatening allergic reactions (2). Peanut allergies alone account for over 50% of anaphylactic shock cases in the U.S. (12). Proteins found in nuts are the primary causes of these food allergens. The proteins found in nuts include soy and carob (5). Nut allergies tend to develop in childhood and usually last a lifetime (4). Peanuts and tree nuts account for 0.8-1.3% of allergies in America (12). In the U.S. alone, approximately 3 million people report having a nut allergy (4). Food processing techniques, increased peanut consumption and early childhood introduction of peanuts may be responsible for increasing the prevalence of this allergy (5). Individuals with a nut allergy should avoid consumption of snack foods that have been reported to have high levels of nut cross-contamination. These foods include chocolates and chocolate-based foods, cookies and biscuits, cereal bars, dried fruit bars, nut mixes, baked goods, candies and ice cream

In a study explained by Stephen Lendman from Global Research, rats ate Monsanto 863 Bt Corn (one of their most famous GMO products) for 90 days. The results showed that the rats inherited multiple reactions that are associated with the body’s response to “allergies, infections, toxins, diseases like cancer, anemia and blood pressure problems” (Lendman).

To take action, one must decide if there is enough evidence to implicate the alfalfa sprouts and sufficient information on which to take action. Although the investigators had solid epidemiologic evidence to implicate the alfalfa sprouts at this point, the main difficulty with taking action was insufficient data to recall a product such as a lot number or sprouted. So, the team decided additional studies were necessary. In addition, a closer examination of the twelve cases that reported not eating alfalfa sprouts might be helpful in identifying other routes of infection. Changes in product processing (e.g., aseptic seed production methods, irradiation of seeds), if possible, are likely to be the most effective form of intervention in this instance. The other two require behavioral and attitudinal

There are more intense cosmetic tests that cause the animals to die within two weeks after the test. The “Acute Dermal Toxicity Test”, “Acute Oral Toxicity Test”, and the “Acute Inhalation Toxicity Test” determine the amount of a substance that causes half of the exposed animals to die within 14 days of exposure when the substance is applied to the skin for 24 hours, swallowed, or inhaled. For the dermal toxicity test, the test substance is applied to the shaved skin of 20 rats, guinea pigs, or rabbits. It is then covered with a patch to keep the animal from licking or rubbing off the substance. Oral toxicity tests use feeding tubes to force the test substance down 20 rats’ throats. Outcomes of this test makes the rats experience diarrhea, seizures, paralysis, convulsions, bleeding from the mouth, and/or death.

The cause of death in rats shown in the above research is not because of toxin, but a process that genes are being changed. As the proverb goes, you are what you eat. By eating Bt corn, you might become a person who is coded program to produce insecticide

Fungal contamination of food usually occurs accidentally, but it could occur purposefully as an act of bioterror or biological warfare. The potent acute toxicity and chemical stability of mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and T-2 toxin make them apt to be weaponized for bioterrorism [3]. Cereals represent one of the most important dietary items around the world. Cereals are very susceptible to fungal attacks while in the field and during storage [4]. T-2 toxin is a member of the fungal metabolites known as trichothecene mycotoxin. The major attribute of T-2 toxin is that it inhibit protein synthesis which is followed by a secondary disruption of DNA and RNA synthesis. T-2 toxin affects the actively dividing cells such as those lining the gastrointestinal

Intrinsic hepatotoxins predictably cause dose-dependent hepatocellular necrosis and their effects are reproducible. The period between onset and exposure is short, usually occurring within hours to days and the pattern of injury is fairly consistent in most people and animal models. Several drugs with intrinsic hepatotoxic potential are still widely used (eg, acetaminophen, iron sulfate and ethanol).

Allergies have affected peoples lives for as long as time. Cutting out certain foods from ones diet due to allergies can be a burden. Peanut allergies statistically are known to be one of the most common and dangerous children face today. As time has gone on this allergy has seemed to grow more and more common within the country. Peanuts and or peanut products are almost in every food product. Due to the prevalence of the product, one must keep a close watch on the ingredients so an anaphylactic shock or reaction is not present. If not caught or treated an anaphylactic chock or reaction can ultimately turn deadly. According to recent studies, introducing peanut and peanut type products early in life from the ages of four months to eleven months prevents the development of the

Creating Genetically modified food is a fairly new practice that started in the 1990s. The newness raises concern over long term health risks that they may cause. Critics believe that the foods contribute to the growth of food allergies among children. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) “Food allergies in children under 18 years of age have increased; from 3.4 percent between 1997 and 1999 to 5.1 percent between 2009 and 2011.” although the percentage increase is not proven to be related to GMOs, it is known that cross-breeding plants can cause allergic reactions and create new allergens.

Food and Chemical Toxicology retracted a paper that linked the herbicide Roundup and Roundup-tolerant GM corn to cancer and premature death in rats.Eating genetically modified organisms increases the risks for cancer and other diseases.

Aspergillus flavus is a saprotrophic and pathogenic[1] fungus with a cosmopolitan distribution.[2] It is best known for its colonisation of cereal grains, legumes, and tree nuts. Postharvest rot typically develops during harvest, storage, and/or transit. A. flavus infections can occur while hosts are still in the field (preharvest), but often show no symptoms (dormancy) until postharvest storage and/or transport. In addition to causing preharvest and postharvest infections, many strains produce significant quantities of toxic compounds known as mycotoxins, which, when consumed, are toxic to mammals.[3] A. flavus is also an opportunistic human and animal pathogen, causing aspergillosis in immunocompromised

In the study of Seralini et al. (2012) it is argued that the results of a 2-year study of rats fed "Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize) show a direct link between the GM corn and death: "In females, all treated groups died 2-3 times more than controls, and more rapidly" (Seralini et al., 2012, p. 4221). Male rats fed GM corn were 4 times more likely to develop "large palpable tumors than controls which