1 INTRODUCTION: 1
2 DISCUSSION: 2
2.1 Scotland’s Water Sources: 2
2.1.1 Coastal Water: 2
2.1.2 Estuaries: 2
2.1.3 Freshwater Lochs: 2
2.1.4 Offshore Waters: 3
2.1.5 Rivers and Canals: 3
2.2 Extent: 3
2.3 Availability: 5
2.3.1 Current Condition of the Water Bodies in the Scotland River Basin District 5
2.4 Water Quality: 6
2.4.1 Water Pollution: 6
2.4.2 Catchment Management: 6
2.5 Cost of Supply: 7
2.6 Success of the Regulators: 8
3 CONCLUSION: 10
4 REFERENCES: 11
1 INTRODUCTION:
Scotland is known for the wettest climate in the United Kingdom (UK) with the Western Highlands of Scotland being one of the wettest places in Europe. Scotland has around 70% of the area (1.9%) of land surface covered by fresh water with 90% of the volume
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Scottish Water ropes a range of habitats and contains some very significant species. Various sources of Scotland’s water are as below:
2.1.1 COASTAL WATER:
There is approximately 48,000 km2 of coastal waters in Scotland including sheltered sea lochs to exposed shoreline. 97% of Scottish coastal waters is ‘high’ or ‘good’ in status, with only 3% rated as ‘moderate’.
2.1.2 ESTUARIES:
49 estuaries in Scotland are considered as part of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), along with 9 salt-water lagoons (approximately 1,000 km2). Only around 50% of the estuaries are in good condition.
2.1.3 FRESHWATER LOCHS:
Scotland has over 25,500 lochs. Western Isles and Sutherland have the highest number of lochs. Almost two-thirds of lochs surveyed are of good or high quality.
2.1.4 OFFSHORE WATERS:
There are some localised areas of concern but, apart from that Scotland’s seas are mostly clean and safe which support a diverse range of habitats, and very important populations of certain species.
2.1.5 RIVERS AND CANALS:
There are around 220 km of canals and 125,000 km of rivers which are relatively undisturbed by human activity. River quality has improved significantly in the last 25 years and just under half of our rivers are now of good or high status. (Scotland 's Environment Web 2016)
2.2 EXTENT:
Rivers, reservoirs, lochs and wetlands make a large contribution to the character of the Scottish landscape.
Scotland has also clung to many mythological and fantasy ideals. For one, the national animal of Scotland is the Unicorn, which is a mythological creature. Also, during the ghost tour I took around Edenborough, the Scottish believe that they invented Halloween and the city is filled with ghost stories. Even in the north, Loch
The Devon River is clean, freshwater, and well dammed up. It is described as being a small, narrow river fringed by pine and birch (pg. 42) On the other hand, the Naguamsett River is described as muddy and
The Official Gateway to Scotland. (2014). Retrieved November 3, 2014, from Scotland web site: www.scotland.org
In the early middle ages, Scotland was an independent state until 1707. In 1603, King James VI ruled both England and Scotland, then he showed his intension to unite the two states and they were united which is called Anglo Scottish Union. Scotland’s relations with England,
Figure 1 Bosherston lakes and lily pond, Stackpole , National Nature Reserve, Pembrokeshire, 2007, Chris Baker
Marine pollution is not a new phenomenon, but our acknowledgement of its impacts and severity is relatively new, with the first laws and discussions to counter it only appearing in the 1950’s. For much of history, it was thought that the oceans were so large that any pollution created would be negligible and easily diluted (Marine Pollution). Since, countless research and laws have been implemented in order to preserve our marine ecosystems because of how crucial these ecosystems are to humanity.
Today, this briefing note is put to you the 'National Taskforce on Environmental Science and Sustainable Development' in response to Urbanisation and its effects on Australias’ waterways. This is fast becoming a critical environmental issue affecting Australia.
The Mackenzie River Basin covers 1.8 million square kilometres, making it Canada’s largest river system and home to nearly 400,000 people with 15% of those belonging to indigenous communities. It is a valuable resource that supports rich aquatic life, wildlife, vegetation and human life.
We also compare the River Leith to the Bradshaw model and see if the River Leith does follow the model of a typical river. This is done by measuring 20 sites in 3 river courses, the upper course, the middle course, and the lower course, we then compare these results to the Bradshaw Model and see if the River Leith has the typical properties of a river.
9) A diverse wetlands ecosystem would result from the preservation of non tidal habitats including seasonal ponds/sand flats and perennial brackish ponds.
In 1979, The Scots become asked whether they wanted a Scottish parliament or not, 52% of voters said they did—but the number was too low to accept it. Years went by, the and in 1997, over 74% of Scots voted for a parliament, which become duly formed. In 1999 Scotland got its own parliament. England still holds Scotland in an iron grip, because even though they have their own parliament, they don’t have the right to say much. Scotland getting its own government, gave them a little taste of
Rocky Shores are found where the sea meets the land which supports a diverse mix of plants and animals that have adapted to survive in the unique conditions of constant wave action as well as the fall of tides (Ehp.qld. 2016). Most of the ecosystems flora and fauna live in the intertidal zone, between high and low tide (Ehp.qld. 2016). They are exposed to two environments, being crushed by waves and swamped by the sea water, extreme temperatures and salinity, and left unprotected
Coastal fisheries of the UK offer a vast amount of importance to us for things like food and medications, but after decades of over fishing and destructive fishing methods our fish stocks have been left severly depleted. Across the UK there has been a lot of initiatives towards managing our coastal fisheries to meet both environmental and economic goals. The need for regulating coastal fisheries is not a new idea, it has been used for several hundred years. Currently there is 207 protected marine protected areas implemented by the British government, one of the main ways we can regulate coastal fisheries is by creating more marine conservation zones, these zones create a safe place for
In 2000 the European Commission produced The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) legislation as a major driver for achieving sustainable management of water in the UK and other EU member states for many years to come. The WFD requests that all inland and coastal waters within river basin districts must reach at least ‘good status’ by 2015 and states how this should be reached through the establishment of environmental objectives and ecological goals for surface waters. As a result, there will be healthy water environment, achieved by taking due account of environmental, economic and social considerations (European Communities, 2000). The WFD is a legal structure that protects all rivers, lakes, estuaries, inland coastal waters and groundwater bodies across Europe. It aims to do this by:
5. In a synchronic sense, a significant percentage of Scottish names are of Gaelic origin. There are also many Scottish variants to common English given names.