Financial Markets
Introduction
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Financial Markets & Flow of Funds
Financial Markets M k t Lenders
Households Firms Governments Foreigners
Borrowers
Households Firms Governments Foreigners
Financial Institutions
Note that lenders are suppliers of funds (surplus units) while borrowers are demanders/users of funds (deficit units)
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Flow of Funds
Financial institutions perform the essential function of channeling funds from surplus units to deficit units.
Agents (e.g. brokers). Carry out the instructions of lenders and have no rights to the benefits that flow from the acquisition of the instruments by the l d lenders. Asset transformers (e.g. banks, investment/finance companies). Involved as principals in the
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e of law and fair market Low and simple taxation No barriers of access to the market by foreign businesses No restrictions on capital flows into and out of Hong Kong No exchange controls
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Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Set up on 1 April 1993 De facto central bank in Hong Kong Objectives: To maintain currency stability
To promote the efficiency, integrity and development of the financial system
• Within the framework of the linked exchange rate system • Through sound management of the Exchange Fund • Monetary policy operations
• Through payment and settlement arrangements
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Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Objectives ( Obj ti (cont’d) ’d) To ensure the safety and stability of the banking system
• Through regulation of banking business and of taking deposits • Through supervision of Authorised Institutions (AIs) under a three-tier system – Licensed banks (LBs) – Restricted licensed banks (RLBs) – Deposit taking companies (DTCs)
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Central banks intervene in foreign exchange markets by “influencing the monetary funds transfer rate of a nation’s currency” with the purpose of building reserves, keeping the exchange rate stable, to correct imbalances, to avoid volatility and keep credibility. It implies changing the value of a currency against another one. It creates demand or supply of a currency by buying or selling the country’s currency in the foreign exchange market. (Foreign Exchange Intervention)
Accounts receivable (net) increased by $500,000 during the year. This increase has what effect on cash flow?
The decision making of management is very crucial and involves various analysis to be performed. There are various ratios and methods that can be useful for mitigating the risks and increasing the expected returns with investments. The financial forecast is a mix of the behaviour,
Supervising and regulating banking institutions to ensure the safety and soundness of the nation's banking and financial system to protect the credit rights of consumers.
Morrison suggests that government should try to make regulations that can make TBTF policy effective rather than, try to end the policy, which is impossible. Morrison discusses the role of the policy in designing suitable capital regulations, in the restriction of bank scope and in institutional design. The author argues that financial institutions receive help from taxpayers and government because regulatory authorities believe that its failure would have severe effects on the country’s economy.
| The hypothesis that market prices reflect all publicly available information is called efficiency in the:Answer
Define the scope of financial management. What role should the financial manager play in a
One of the goals of the banking program is to reduce the risks involve in handling physical currency while fortifying our European allies economy.
Securities: special vehicles issuing securities by mortgage of housing loan backed by a pool of asset.
Second City Options (SCO) is a small firm that specializes in option trading. Employing 35 people, SCO is located on LaSalle Street in the Chicago financial district. It is a member firm of the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), where it trades options on stocks and stock indices. It is also a member firm of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group (CME Group), where it trades options on futures and the underlying futures contracts.
The U.S. government made a strict money related administrative framework in mid 1930, which functioned admirably till 1960's. John Marynard Keynes and Hyman Minsky supplanted it with effective money related business hypothesis and new traditional macro hypothesis which consequently brought about an insecure more tightly regulated, the monetary framework through deregulation pushed by the hypotheses of Keynes and Minsky. Case in point, the imperfect foundations and practices of the current money related administration, which is otherwise called the New Financial Architecture (NFA). The base of the NFA is an extremely frail hypothetical establishment. NFA is in view of business banks, lighters regulations like speculation banks and little. Cortty clarifies in his paper that the NFA's key structure is in view of evidently unfeasible suspicions and has no persuading truthful backing . Case in point, China couldn't get away from the effect of worldwide lull as it was inexorably reliant on fares, which consequently brought about closing down numerous assembling firms and made a genuine occupation challenge. New open doors could likewise open in China due to the emergency which may have the
These banks should ideally be divested of any sort of commercial interest, and must act in the best interest of its nation’s economic stability. A lot of meaning is carried out in being identified as ‘independent’ authority, where the bank possess powers to take its own decisions, approve its own legislature, follow its own policies and offer stability to the nation’s economy.
One of the principal functions of financial oversight authorities in achieving a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system is to regulate and supervise various financial entities. But following the crisis of 2007, regulatory authorities in the whole world were engaged in a fundamental reconsideration of how they approach financial regulation and supervision. Performing these functions through micro- prudential regulation and supervision of banks, holding companies, their affiliates and other entities, including nonbank financial companies, proved to be insufficient to ensure and maintain financial stability of a country, union or the world as a whole.
The UK Financial Services Act of 2012 was put into effect the 1st of April 2013 and contained the government reforms on the financial regulatory structure in the United Kingdom. This Act gave new guidelines for management of the banking sector and other supervisory roles in the financial services sector, which include the following. The oversight role of the Bank of England was bestowed therefore, it is expected to be responsible for the occurrences in the financial system and how financial institutions manage themselves. Moreover, the Act stipulates that three more bodies are to be formed to assist in managing this sector, these include; the Financial Policy Committee (FPC), Prudential Regulatory Authority (PRA) and