The flapper subculture originated in the 1920’s in the United States. The flapper way of life was looked down upon until popularized in movies and literature, such as the work of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Often seen in women Halloween costumes and old movies, people do not often know the background of the subculture. This way of life was a reaction to the United States after World War I and the social and political change that came after it. The flapper way of dress was a response to the changing dynamics of men and women roles, something set in motion by World War I, the emergence of Jazz and Prohibition.
During World War I, men were sent off to war leaving the factories without many of their workers and without men to replace the ones that were being deployed. Women had to step in and take over these roles that were traditionally reserved for men.
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Coco Chanel and Jean Patou were known for this youthful fashion. Their dressed featured a natural waist and flappers often bound their chests for a more boyish figure. Makeup was commonly used such as rouge, mascara, kohl around the eyes, and the flapper’s hair was bobbed short. The flapper wore the shortest skirts possible and underwear instead of the commonly used pantaloons and corsets. They wore nude stockings that were rolled down and often sported garters and exposed knees and arms. Evening dresses were ostentatious, short-sleeved and made to be loose for dancing (Sauro). Flappers also “misused” accessories and pieces of clothing in order to turn up their nose at higher class society and fashion. For example, flappers rolled stockings below the knees, wore unfastened rubber galoshes that flapped when they walked, cloche hats (knit or often see through close fitting caps), wore evening shoes worn with day clothes, etc. (Sauro). Flappers were breaking social normalcy not only in their dress, but also in the activities they partook
It was very popular to be a flapper. That was the cool thing to do and people saw flappers as these New Women. The older women would never "personify a lifestyle condemned by conservatives as undermining morality and religion" especially through the way the acted and dressed.
The "flapper girl" trend peaked in 1926, leaving materials such as silk, chiffons, georgettes, crepes, and voiles in high demand. Beads, sequins, and feathers also adorned the fashionable dresses. Coco Chanel, a role model for the flapper, provided many styles, including the popular single strand of pearls. Corsets were no longer popular, but instead the "sexless" figure was favored. Scarfs were often draped over the shoulders if one could not afford a dead fox neck piece. However, the one thing that distinguished the flapper from anyone else was the bobbed haircut. Although, efforts were made to revive long hair, the bob remained stylish.
Thanks to Coco Chanel, the iconic flapper image most closely associated with the roaring twenties came about. The flapper and flapper image didn’t actually come to be until around 1926 and even then was only in style for about three years. Typical flappers were women who appeared to have a bold attitude and were independent women who didn’t adhere to the previously innocent housewife image. A flapper usually had a bob haircut, a shorter than average dress, a flat chest, wore tons of make-up, drank illegal alcohol, smoked with a long cigarette holder, exposed her limbs and danced the Charleston. This was a drastic change from the typical American housewife to the reckless rebel. The flapper dresses stressed above the knee hemlines and construed straight, sleek shapes. This was the first time in centuries women’s legs were being seen in a garment. (1920s Fashion 1) Flappers loved to jazz up their costume and even their image. Many flappers’ dresses were adorned with jewels and intricate beading. The main object of the flapper image was to appear almost boyish rather than looking feminine. (1920s clothing 1)
The flapper had an indisputable look. The long locks of Victorian women fell on the floors of beauty parlors as young women cut their hair to shoulder length. Hemlines of dresses rose fiercely to the knee. The cosmetics industry prospered as women used makeup in large numbers. Flappers constrained their chests and wore high heels. Many women celebrated the age of the flapper as a female “declaration of independence”. Experimentation with new looks, jobs, and lifestyles was incomparable with the woman in the Victorian Age. The flappers chose activities to please themselves, not a father or husband. But critics were quick to elucidate the shortcomings of “flapperism.” The political agenda grasped by the previous generation was largely ignored until the feminist revival of the 1960s. Many wondered if flappers were trying to express themselves or act like men. One thing was certain: Despite the political and social gains or losses, the flappers of the 1920s sure managed to have a good time.
Flappers were a new revolutionary type of woman that came about in the early 1920s. Daughters of women that fought for suffrage and equal rights, they had no interest in politics, and even less in the issue of ´social norms´. Girls from well of families drank alcohol, smoked cigarettes, and took part in ´petting parties´. They cut their hair in bobs and wore short skirts that went up above the knee, Which at the time was socially unacceptable. Many people were appalled by the ways of the flapper, some even taking the case of immodesty to court. But the flapper movement would not be stopped, and would pave the way for the modern woman.
Fashion changed the mentality of Americans in many ways as well. The most common type of girl in the 1920s was flappers. The term “flapper” first appeared in Great Britain after World War I, it was a word used to describe young girls (Rotenberg). It then began popular in the 1920s. Flappers were northern, urban, single, young middle class women, many held steady jobs (“Flappers”). Flappers engaged in active city night life. Speakeasies were common destination for the flappers (“Flappers”). It was a place where they could completely be themselves. The flapper movement began when young women decided that they were not willing to waste away their young lives waiting idly for spinsterhood; they were going to enjoy life (Rosenberg). Many people disliked flappers. The flapper attitude was characterized by stork, truthfulness, fast living, and sexual behavior (Rosenberg). Flappers were usually younger women. The flappers were viewed disdainfully by an older generation as wild (“1920s dress fashion rise and fall”). The flappers’ style was very rare and
What is a flapper? The flapper is one of the most essential parts of the 1920s. They represented a new type of woman. Whether in attitude, attire, or slang. The 1920s flapper demonstrated how women could transform into something that is a part of the modern construction of women’s identity. The flapper was a major part of “The Roaring Twenties”. The flapper was how young women sought to define themselves.
Flapper by Joshua Zeitz is a book that tells an epic story about the American women during the time of the 1920’s. For a better understanding, a flapper would typically be a young girl who blurred the gender roles by taking on a more masculine lifestyle. They wore their hair short, drank and smoked frequently, and explored their sexuality. With this behavior, it didn’t destroy their femininity; it just simply provided the society’s perception of what a woman should and should not be.
Frederick Lewis Allen, in his famous chronicle of the 1920s Only Yesterday, contended that women’s “growing independence” had accelerated a “revolution in manners and morals” in American society (95). The 1920s did bring significant changes to the lives of American women. World War I, industrialization, suffrage, urbanization, and birth control increased women’s economic, political, and sexual freedom. However, with these advances came pressure to conform to powerful but contradictory archetypes. Women were expected to be both flapper and wife, sex object and mother. Furthermore, Hollywood and the emerging “science” of advertising increasingly tied conceptions of femininity to
The Gibson glamour girl preceding the flapper wore long tresses, a high-neck starched shirt, and a long skirt over restrictive undergarments. The flapper did not adhere to these types of restrictions. Pantaloons and corsets, the Gibson girl’s undergarments, were not conducive to the dancing of the flapper or the need for physical freedom. They were replaced by underwear called step-ins (Rosenberg 2). The flapper fashion showed much more skin than the Gibson girl’s outfit. She wore a loose fitting dress that came just to the knees, with a dropped waistline and often showed the arms. The look worn by the flapper was called the “garconne” meaning little boy. The hair was first cut very short into a “bob” then even
Flappers are a type of dress that looks like the dress is growing hair. Flappers were most fashionable because when you twirled they spread out. Today they are mainly at the bottom and less fashionable than it was then. There are many different types of Flappers there are ones that go from top
The reason I chose the flapper movement is, I’ve always been a fan of the 1920’s time frame. When I found out we had to do it about a movement I immediately thought about the flapper movement because I’ve also been a fan of fashion and once the flapper style had come in style I’ve usually been a fan of most of women’s fashion in history so I really found it interesting being able to see where the non traditional clothing started. I conducted my research by, looking at the flapper movement and seeing if it would contribute to taking a stand in history. I selected this category because it was apart of the curriculum. The theme of my stamps is the flapper movement. My stamps start in 1910 and work their way up to 1925 to show how the flapper had
A typical flapper had short, bobbed hair, and wore a short baggy skirt with turned down hose and powdered knees. Their dresses often exposed her arms as well as her legs from the knees down. Flappers were thought of by their elders as being a little fast and brazen, since they were no longer confined to home or tradition. However, Flappers did not just symbolize a revolution in fashion and way of life; they more importantly embodied the modern spirit of the Jazz Age—they symbolized, “an age anxious to enjoy itself, anxious to forget the past, anxious to ignore the future”.
Millions of women before 1914 had taken over jobs that men had already stereotypically done. For example, some women had newer occupations such as typists, telephonists and shop workers. A small number of women were already attending university and entering careers such as medicine and teaching. The war just accelerated this. The concept of the war, meant that women were needed, both in larger numbers and also new kinds of work.
The 1920s was a period of change and reform in many things ranging from entertainment, consumerism, and fashion. Fashion, one of the greatest changes in the 1920s was influenced by designers such as Coco Chanel, Jean Patou, Clara Bow, also known as the “It Girl” all influenced fashion for both women and men in the 20s. Previously, women had to behave polite and modestly and had to wear long dresses down to the ankles. But some women started to go past those social boundaries that were set by society. These women would go to speakeasies and smokes in public. The women who did these things are referred to as flappers. Men and some women saw flappers as a disgrace and were disgusted by their way of living. Slowly, as the years began to pass, women such as Coco Chanel, Jean Patou, and Clara Bow came into the fashion and entertainment industry changing the fashion and women’s ideas.