Fly Ash Lab Report

From this lab we can conclude that the main sources for energy of candles are oxygen, the wick, and wax in gas form. Although oxygen was not tested, it is know that all candles need oxygen and that when the candle’s supply of oxygen is restricted the oxygen will be used up and go out. The wick was proven to be a fuel when the string in step 2 lit on fire. Wax in gas form was proven in step 5 where the candle was lit without using the wick. Solid wax was disproved in step 3 when it melted into liquid wax. But liquid wax was also disproven when trying in step 4 to light it on fire. The lab successfully showed the process in which a candle burns when we observed the flame. When the candle is lit it is very clear that the wick pulls up the melted

Fruit Fly experiment was conducted by using different techniques. One of the main things was to examine the fruit flies and identify the difference between females and males, identify their mutation if they were wild type, white eye, vestigial or white and vestigial combined together. These Fruit flies were kept in the incubator at 25°C for about 6 days. The main goal for this experiment was to observe the principles of Mendelian genetics.

The firefly will move randomly if there are no fireflies brighter than that firefly. Objective function determines the brightness of firefly. The pseudo code for the FA is as follows: Algorithm: Firefly Algorithm Inputs: population size ‘n’, maximum generation ‘MG’ Specify initial values of alpha, beta and gamma Compute initial fitness of ‘n’ fireflies Identify initial best solution

It takes approximately 10 to 14 days for the fruit fly to go from an egg to an adult fly. Since the life span of the D. melanogaster is very short, we are able to observe multiple generations in a short amount of time. With the fruit fly, we would be able to observe a mutation over several generations in order to get a better understanding of how it affects each generation. Each step within the development of the D. melanogaster is easily observed under a microscope. This allows us to observe if a mutation has an effect on any of the stages during development. These flies are able to breed and reproduce over a short time span. Female D. melanogaster are able to hold the sperm of multiple males and lay over hundreds of eggs, making it very simple to collect and observe many progeny. The D. melanogaster are also ideal organisms because the cultures used to cultivate the flies are small and easy to store and cost efficient. Each vial, if taken care of properly are viable for

Genetics is the study of genes, heredity and variation in living organism. It is important in understanding how heritable traits are passed down from one generation to another. Here in this study, the identification of a particular mutation was explored by discovering how it is transmitted and where it is located. Drosophila melanogaster, a species of fruit flies, was the model used to illustrate the process of gene inheritance. Virgin female fruit flies were collected over a span of two- three weeks and crossed with balancer chromosome male fruit flies. The progeny, also known as the F1 generation, was then used to perform a test cross. The test cross was done between an F1 male and a virgin female from the parental generation. The results of the test cross, determined the mutation as well as which chromosome it was located on.

Table 2 shows the chemical composition of raw fly ashes and geopolymers. It was found that fly ashes mainly contains silica, phosphorous, magnesium, with very less amount of alumina, iron and calcium. After geopolymerization process, crystalline silicate oxide reduced to amorphous structure. Geopolymers have nearly same composition with reducing amount of silica with some amount of aluminum

Proper, sustainable disposal methods of coal ash or fly ash proposed by the scientific community include the recycled use of this byproduct from coal-burning energy plants and the transfer of current coal ash ponds unequipped with the proper monitoring equipment to be transferred to a certified location where it can be stored and accessed for future recycling attempts. To be properly equipped the site must contain the following: synthetic bedding liners, leachate collection systems and ground water monitoring. These systems and this solution have been proven to reduce the environmental threat these facilities impose onto the environment; proven to improve the environment by reducing greenhouse emissions with the replacement of coal ash for

Introduction The objective of this lab was to observe a sampling of the diverse microorganisms that live in the local environment. Sulfur is the tenth most abundant element in the universe. It makes up many vitamins, proteins, and hormones that play critical roles in both climate and the health of various ecosystems. Most of Earth’s sulfur is stored underground in rocks and minerals.

Baking Soda and Vinegar - Drips out - This chemical reaction will be the slowest because it drips out like a slow waterfall.

My initial hypothesis was that the banana in the fridge will have a slower decay rate because the reactions are taking place at a slower rate. Through this observational process my hypothesis was proven wrong. The banana in the fridge rotted at a faster rate because putting the banana in the fridge allowed for the plant hormones to ripen the banana peel faster, turning it a browner coloring overtime. Specifically, both bananas have natural acids and enzymes that help the banana ripen and decay but due to the temperature change, the banana in the fridge ripened faster. The colder environment caused the natural acids and enzyme’s rate of reaction to increase.

Only 10% to 30% of the particles by mass are larger than 45 μm. The surface area is typically 300 to 500 m2/kg, although some fly ashes can have surface areas as low as 200 m2/kg and as high as 700 m2/kg. Fly ash is primarily silicate glass containing silica, alumina, iron, and calcium. Minor constituents are magnesium, sulfur, sodium, potassium, and carbon. Crystalline compounds are present in small amounts. The relative density (specific gravity) of fly ash generally ranges between 1.9 and 2.8 and the color is generally gray or tan. ASTM C 618 (AASHTO M 295) Class F and Class C fly ashes are commonly used as pozzolanic admixtures for general purpose concrete (Fig. 3-4). Class F materials are generally low-calcium (less than 10% CaO) fly ashes with carbon contents usually less

An attitude is a representation of an individual 's degree of like or dislike for an act, object or evaluation. This report aims to conclude whether there is a difference between female and male attitudes towards smoking. It is hypothesised that females will have a more positive attitude towards smoking. Questionnaires using a 5 point likert scale will be utilised to measure each participants’ attitude towards smoking through their responses. Results stated there is no significant difference between genders when scores were placed through an independent t-test. It is concluded that more research onto attitudes towards smoking and with a larger sample is needed to draw reliable results, which can then in turn be used to help

It is a finely grained substance that is captured and recycled at power plants with a variety of uses in the construction industry. Fly ash is most commonly used as a pozzolan as an admixture for Portland cement in concrete production. According to the IEA Clean Coal Centre, there are over 2300 coal-fired power stations worldwide, where 620 of those plants located in China . Coal generates 54% of the world’s electricity and is the single biggest CO2 air polluter . Due to these statistics, it is obvious that a significant amount of fly ash is also produced worldwide. The manufacture of fly ash requires a considerable amount energy including the transportation of raw materials, electrical energy involved in the operation of equipment and the energy required for the combustion inside a power plant. With this, the production of fly ash produces air pollutants. These are NO2, SO2, particulates, mercury and CO2. These pollutants have significant impacts on the degradation of the natural environment. Due to this, there has been a significant drive to using alternative sustainable fuel sources in order to reduce worldwide harmful emissions. However, because fly ash is simply a by-product of power generation, not the end product, it is in fact an environmentally conservative product, one that should be promoted in the construction industry. If the percentage of fly ash recycled could be increased, it would

The construction field provides innumerable contribution to this modern world by many of its latest techniques. Many types of buildings with different technologies are being built all over the world, but construction using the concrete always occupies the top place. In all these constructions, usage of cement is unavoidable as it is the soul of the concrete. But we all know that the cement production has to be reduced due to the emission of carbon dioxide during its manufacture. Hence fly ash can be partially replaced with the cement and can be effectively used for the construction. Fly ash is a finely divided residue resulting from the combustion of ground or powdered coal. It is a by-product of coal fired in electronic generating

A large amount of oil ash is generated in Egypt and Saudi Arabia each year as an industrial waste. Most of these ash are landfill and often lead to a dispersion of heavy elements in the surrounding groundwater and soil. In many countries, like Egypt, little attention has been paid to the environmental effect of fly ash. In this study, the concentration of vanadium, nickel, iron, lead and zinc in oil fly and boiler ashes collected from six thermal power plants have been assessed with ICP-MS, AA, INAA and EDXRF. Samples were digested using different acid and alkali fusion methods. EDXRF were confirmed to be a technique of choice for the precise and accurate determination of the major elements in oil ashes. Three internal reference materials from oil ashes were prepared and used to examine the capabilities and validations of the method. Vanadium, nickel and iron content were found to be within the average worldwide value, while lead and zinc were significantly high in Egyptian oil Ash.