Foreman's Argumentative Analysis

In the argument with McCloskey about using “proofs” to establish a case for Gods existence I would first agree with McCloskey that we should not use “proofs” for Gods existence since “proofs” cannot be a 100% proof of Gods existence. But there are two arguments that can help explain the existence of God. The first is the best explanation approach which is the best explanation for the things we witness. Another classical argument is cumulative case approach, in this approach we use more than one argument to make a case for Gods existence. Both of these approaches to the existence of God is easier to understand than just the “proof” argument. We must also understand the defeaters of the arguments and also that the God of the Bible is

In some ways, it is refreshing to read H.J. McCloskey's article, "On Being an Atheist". Most people assume atheists are simple nihilists who do not subscribe to any sort of convictions or beliefs. The author's text, however, refutes this conventional viewpoint by producing several reasons for embracing atheism, many of which are studied and labored counterarguments to typical claims of theists. The most important part of this essay is found in its opening paragraphs, in which the author makes a very prudent point in explaining the fact that most theists do not require elaborate proofs or empirical evidence to substantiate their beliefs in a divinity. Those who do have not completely subscribed to faith, but to testaments of man's deductive prowess, which should not be confused with faith. However, the author makes a number of points that he believes alludes to fallacies in theism that those well versed in theism can handily refute.

There had always been differences between the northern states and southern states before nullification and secession. This came down to differences in the core drivers of their economies. The south was more oriented towards Agriculture while the north was driven by industrialization. What this meant was that the south was more reserved on the consistent calls by abolitionists in the north. Abolition of slave trade would mean an almost complete collapse of the economy in the South.

Mr Campbell Newman was a popular lord mayor as a member of the Liberal Party, who served the Queensland government for three years from 2012 – 2015 (Lewis, 2015). In the recent 2015 Queensland state election, Newman was heavily punished by the public voters of Queensland as a result of treating the public servants unfairly by cutting jobs in contrast to his promises. He also claimed that there would be no forced redundancies and that he would try to lower the unemployment rate, yet these promises were never met. In support of this, the following essay argues that Campbell Newman didn’t interfere with the free market economy of Queensland, which can be beneficial for consumers in many ways because there is no government intervention. Instead,

Ever since the beginning, slavery has always been a growing conflict in the United States. However in the 1800s, it became such a problem that it nearly separated the whole country. Those that lived in southern states believed that they had the rights to own slaves. They argued that the slavery made up a fairly large part of their economy because slaves labor was cheap. This is why many of the big time planters were rich. Also, they felt African Americans were unfit to survive on their own. Northern citizens felt that there was no need for slavery and that it was wrong. But who is right regarding this situation. It all depends on the individual. The back and forth arguing between the north and south was intense, neither backing down from the

Having completed the unit of philosophy of religion, you are now ready to respond to an article written by an actual atheist.  This article, titled “On Being an Atheist,” was written by H. J. McCloskey in 1968 for the journal Question.  McCloskey is an Australian philosopher who wrote a number of atheistic works in the 1960s and 70s including the book God and Evil (Nijhoff, 1974). In this article, McCloskey is both critical of the classical arguments for God’s existence and offers the problem of evil as a reason why one should not believe in God.

Two Latinas and a baby were stopped by security while grocery shopping, because another shopper accused the dark-skinned women of kidnapping the fair-skinned, blue-eyed, blonde baby accompanying them. It was not until the fair-skinned, blue-eyed, blonde father of the baby refuted the accusation, that the women were released. My mother (who is from El Salvador) and my nanny (who is from Belize) were the two women and I was the baby. My mom and nanny would not have been publicly incriminated and shamed, were they fair-skinned. McIntosh’s article substantiates the ubiquity of white privilege. White people do not have to worry about being monitored while running errands or being pulled over because of their skin color. I agree with McIntosh’s point

The argument discussed is one that has an unending list of contingent beings, all of which need a cause for existence. According to the article, McCloskey assumes that the argument calls for an uncaused cause to start an infinite number of contingent beings. McCloskey believes that each contingent being simply exists with an infinite number of causes that eventually lead back to a case of chance. In “Philosophy of Religion” by Stephen Evans, Evans refers to this way of thinking as a “brute fact.” According to Evans, by claiming this stance would turn the partial argument into a whole argument and concurrently, “this will require the defender of the argument to claim that the contingency of the whole of the universe can validly be inferred from the contingency of all its parts.” Where McCloskey’s ignorance further takes a violent curve against acquiring knowledge about the beginning of the universe connects to his argument is when he said “This means that the first cause must be explained as being a necessarily existing being, one who cannot exist.” What he is alluding to, and is also the focal point of his disapproval of theism, is that humans do not have the right to claim that a being created the universe. If an atheist can claim that there is no such existence of God, then why is it that a theist cannot claim the existence of a God?

In the year of 1890 the Bureau of the Census proclaimed that the frontier was officially closed. For many people finding out that the Golden West was no longer an achievable dream it put many people into a state of depression. A historian of this time named Frederick Jackson Turner, about how important the Frontier was in American history, it was published in the year of 1894 under the title of “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (282). His argument was that the expansion of the New World was much different from the development of the Old World because “the existence of an area of free land, its continuous recession, and the advance of American settlement westward” (282). Also that the frontier made it possible of the

Freeman's claim of 1781 enlivened others to sue, and for a situation in 1783 the judge of the Massachusetts Supreme Court announced that "bondage is in my judgment as successfully abrogated as it can be by the giving of rights and benefits" in the state constitution. It took a few more legitimate difficulties and extra time for that news to stream out, yet the disintegration of bondage in Massachusetts continuously got speed as blacks requested manumission or wages for work, or basically left their bosses. In 1790, the government statistics recorded 5,369 "other free persons" (that is, nonwhites) in the state and not a solitary

To be considered free in American society, according to Sandel’s definition of a procedural republic, freedom relies on an individual’s participation in self-government. For those who support the procedural republic they encourage civic virtues, such as educating ones self about the public and the ability to debate about the common good. This can be seen as a responsibility to citizens. Therefore, one may understand this as both a social and civic matter, as it requires citzens to posses as sense of belonging in their community, thus guiding them away from pursuing their own interests and focusing on the common good. Thus, just as Sandel discusses the qualities of shaping of what kind of citizens are formed, Glendon claims “law can and should

Only about 10 out of 100 sexual abuse crimes are reported and 3 of those get to court. Sadly, only one of those is likely to get a conviction. The father of the boy was convicted on multiple charges of sexual assault throughout his life, he had the nerve to say that his son should not have to go to jail for ”20 minutes of action”. I believe that would mean that if Turner's father truly believed what he said, he obviously had not learnt anything at all from his past convictions, except that in his mind it was acceptable to sexually assault an innocent woman as long as it was not for a long period of time, but the time period shouldn't affect the thought process and the actual act, he obviously doesn't see how it affected the girl and how much

Within the pro-choice world there are many issues that are discussed like abortion, the instant where life begins and the use of contraceptives. This article will focus on not only the issue of using of contraceptives, but specifically the distribution of oral contraceptives (“the pill”) to teenage girls without their parent’s consent.

Music has always been an interesting topic for many evolutionary theorists (Darwin, Miller, Dunbar, etc..), especially the idea: what is music to humans? Even though there are many theories, music is an essence in humans’ life because music has developed from just sounds to a friend.

     The existence of motion to the existence of a first mover as the cause of movement, was argued by Aristotle. This first mover he called God. The reason for this was that nothing caused God to move yet God was responsible for the motion of all other things. Thisargument is based on presumptions in other cosmological arguments. The first was that something could not cause itself, second something cannot come from nothing, last there could not possibly be an infinite amount of cause and effects.