Framing The Truth: Analyzing News Stories
When presenting news stories, framing is an essential part of telling a factual story. While pure objectivity is impossible, certain techniques journalist acquire can provide for a more unbiased article. Delving into a more specific case study regarding the different aspects of framing, the two articles presented come from the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) and The Guardian. The topic of both articles concern the cancellation of the UC Berkeley Milo Yiannopoulos event and the protests/riots that emerged from the situation. Because journalists unconsciously frame stories to fit their own biases, each article contain differences and similarities in the way it presents the story. This presentation of information
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According to Erving Goffman, it is a “schemata of interpretation”. (Goffman, 1974) On the other hand, Todd Gitlin interprets framing as “persistent patterns of cognition, interpretation, and presentation, of selection, emphasis, and exclusion”. (Gitlin, 1980) On the contrary, scholars Joseph Cappella and Kathleen Jamieson believe that media framing “activates knowledge and stimulate cultural values and morals” within an audience. (Capella and Jamieson, 1997) All these various theories offers support as to how and why the framing of a news article matters.
Delving further into this case study and starting off with the headlines, the WSJ article written by Alejandro Lazo is titled, “University of California, Berkeley Cancels Speaker After Violent Demonstration”. This headline does not specifically name the speaker in question, this being Yiannopoulos. This absence is impactful because it immediately sets the precedence and type of framing the article is aiming for. It gives the audience the chance to not immediately react or correlate Yiannopoulos to the word ‘violent
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The Guardian hooks the readers by writing, “Violence flares after group of anti-fascist activists shoot fireworks at venue where the controversial Breitbart editor was due to give a talk.” Each word provides greater insight into what is perceived as salient throughout the article. The word ‘flares’ uses the rhetorical structure of depictions when describing the violence that occurred at the event. ‘Flares’ not only illustrates a crowd of riled up people, but the police weapons used to disperse the crowds. ‘Flares’ also captivates the later essence of the article when it mentions the “light pole that had been set aflame burned itself out”. Continuing to analyze the lead, The Guardian uses an abundance of designators to frame competition and conflict among Yiannopoulos and the protestors/rioters. It reflects villainous undertones when describing Yiannopoulos as ‘controversial’ and an ‘internet troll’. Additionally, protesters are labeled as ‘boisterous but peaceful’ while carrying ‘glittering flags’. The particular use of ‘glittering flags’, which could also be denoted as a depictor, accentuates the peacefulness of the protesters because of reader’s tendency to connect ‘glittering’ with other positive terms such as ‘beaming’ or
Ann Coulter’s column, “Media Finds Las Vegas Shooter’s Motive: He’s White” (Oct 12, 2017), asserts that the media is blaming white men for the violence in America. The author supports this claim by showing a few headlines from unidentified sources and outlets. The author’s purpose is to race-bait in order to shift the central political argument from gun control to race. Given the inflammatory language of this article and the rhetorical questions she wants attention drawn to, the intended audience of this article would be conspiracy theorists, gun enthusiasts, and racists.
Steve Chapman, a columnist and editor of the Chicago Tribune, perfectly depicts in his article the ever-growing hostility that America faces, not limiting its tensions to that of which it faces with our foreign adversaries, specifically North Korea, but including that of its internal enemy: the philosophy of racial superiority. Chapman appeals to those who stand against the hatred and prejudice that has come to light on behalf of white nationalists, taking into account the latest incidents of Charlottesville, Virginia. The journalist mentions that, in spite of the recent occurrences that have overtaken Americans in a sudden mental war between differentiating factions, white nationalists face an imminent defeat. Instead of elaborating on how
Rhetoric is also used to a stunning effect. The usage of words such as “angry” “poor” and “violently” subtly tries to appeal to the
The author of the article discusses the hatred that revolves around the concept of equality in America. The author of the news article uses his knowledge of past events, such as slavery, and current issues. The audience of the article is those who don’t understand why the protests and riots in Charlottesville is an issue to many White Nationalist. The articles compare in the sense that they both discuss hatred that has been revolving on the issue, but they differ on what they speak of, as this article speaking of the president and his issues and the other speaks of the people. In conclusion, after many years of fighting against the hatred in society, there is still a lot to be done.
Last year, Yiannopoulos was permanently banned from Twitter for his role in a campaign of racist, sexist harassment directed at Leslie Jones, a “Saturday Night Live” cast member. When Twitter suspended his account, Yiannopoulos denounced it as “cowardly” and declared himself a martyr for the cause of free speech. Twitter, he said, was “a no-go zone for conservatives.” The tacit admission that Yiannopoulos sees targeted abuse of a female African-American comedian as “conservative” is revealing, if only in that it strips away the fig leaf of euphemism separating the alt-right from the hive of racism and sexism that defined last year’s Presidential election. That it was the Berkeley College Republicans who invited him to campus further supported this association. No chemistry department would extend an invitation to an alchemist; no reputable department of psychology would entertain a lecture espousing phrenology. But amid the student conservatives at Berkeley—and along the lecture circuit where he is a sought-after speaker—Yiannopoulos’s toxic brew of bigotries apparently meets their standard for credibility. And this recognition is as big a problem as anything he has said in his talks or in his erstwhile existence as a Twitter troll.
Several minutes after President Trumps follow up speech regarding Charlottesville, the Washington Post released several opinion articles criticizing the president of responding a little too late and calling the POTUS insincere. When in reality, Pres. Trump had denounced David Duke and the KKK since 2000. This type of divisive action causes turmoil in country. Instead of using their news platform to spread positivity and progress, their actions breed resentment and further hate.
This article was published nearly a year ago online in the National Review, which hosts articles across a wide conservative spectrum. The intended audience of this article is Americans who do not agree that the freedom of speech portion of the First Amendment is important, or that hate speech should be exempted from it. The week prior to the publishing of this article, two terrorists had attacked the Garland Community Center with gunfire in front of an exhibit depicting cartoon images of Muhammad. The author, Tom Rogan, was based in Washington, DC at the time and was a panelist on The McLaughlin Group and held the Tony Blankley chair at the Steamboat Institute. The McLaughlin Group is a conservative TV program in which citizens discuss the
The Left have popularized using tragedies as an impetus for political change, via the Media, because it garners attention and instills a base of support for change. However, this approach is misguided. The Media is powerless! In conservative commentator Ben Shapiro’s column, “What an American Hero Looks Like”, he states: “It isn’t the Twitter battles that stand between the monsters and children.” Furthermore, he argues, policy change is inept because “laws and regulations failed” to save 26 people from a massacre in rural Texas.
Even back when lynchings occurred the press was very unsympathetic (Perloff, 2000). Though some assumed press refrained from reporting lynching stories, in actuality the press talked about lynchings in graphic details (Perloff, 2000). Southern reporters use sympathetic or kind language when describing lynch mobs but used vulgar and unsympathetic language to describe lynch victims (Perloff, 2000). This is very similar today’s media coverage of black protest. Today’s media use terms such as “rioting,” “violent,” “lawlessness,” “criminals,” “thugs,” and “animals” to describe black protest (Brave New Films, 2015). However, when there is a white group tearing down a city after a big game, terms such as “young people,” “fans,” “celebrating,” and “passionate” are used (Brave New Films,
In light of the recent events in Charlottesville, where a white supremacist rally turned violent, the argument on whether or not hate speech should be banned has become increasingly more relevant. Those supporting the ban argue that this kind of speech eventually creates a society that doesn’t accept the affected minorities as equals, and can shame them into silence. On the other side, people argue this would infringe upon free speech rights. In Glenn Greenwald’s article, “In Europe, Hate Speech Laws are Being used to Silence Left Wing Beliefs,” he addresses how this ban might affect left-wing activism, and the fallacies in the arguments supporting the ban. Greenwald mainly relies on logos to back up his thesis; that a hate speech ban would not work in America. The problem he faces with this as his argument is that it makes the assumption that these same issues would arise in America. Other than a brief mention of his time as a lawyer to back up one talking point, there is very little ethos. While his tone throughout the article feels very neutral and informative, he makes poor use of logos and ethos, leading to an ineffective argument.
Video shots are all about composition. Instead of pointing the camera at your subjects, what you need to do is to compose an image. Framing is that very process of making forming composition.
Another way media frames political issues is inserting media’s own position on the issue. The media’s position tends to be more liberal and promotes more democratic policies and issues. This bias coverage stems from a long growing relationship between the media and liberal forces (Ginsberg, Lowi & Weir, 1999). However, any bias can distort new coverage and influence audiences in that direction.
The way the media frame issues has a subtle yet significant effect on the general public. Studies have shown that frames can help determine which procedures we find medically necessary (Edwards, Elwyn, Covey, Matthews, & Pill, 2001), can influence our ability to recall critical details of a news story (Valkenburg, 2000), and can even subtly influence elections (Shah, Domke, & Wackman, 1996). Given the impact frames can have on the general public, it is important to have a clear way to conceptualize and measure their effects.
The Buzzfeed staffer has presented the reader with an article that plays into mob culture. Individuals are more likely to adopt or express an idea if they are told “other people” are doing so, and that it is then acceptable for them to express said opinion. This contextual style is not a fluke- it is present in hundreds of Buzzfeed articles. Other evidence that suggests a movement away from journalistic balance and impartiality can be observed through articles like “ “If White People Thought About Race Like People of Color”, “29 Things White People Ruined”, and “35 Questions Black People Have for White People”. Though these titles and content associated with them are by no means negative, it would be difficult to find content like this across other news outlets. It is likewise hard to say that it adheres to traditional journalistic norms of impartiality and journalistic balance, considering the fact that these articles generalize and are aimed at a particular race, and that one cannot find articles written in a similar fashion on Buzzfeed that are written about other races. Turning away from Buzzfeed, this cultural shift can be observed on a wider scale through the lens of the 2016 presidential election. A recent Politico piece, “The Case Against Journalistic Balance”, critiques traditional journalism codes of ethics. It claims that journalists should hold all news to the same standards, and that the media should not ignore or irrationally pursue the dealings of presidential candidates in pursuit of journalistic
August 17th, 2017, in Charlottesville, Virginia, a man by the name of James Alex Fields, had hit a group of innocent protesters who were against a group of racists. Although this event is one of an unfortunate many, unless an act of physical harm occurs, it may be drowned out by political controversies. Although now, political figures are standing up to this problem, speaking out and putting their job on the line, but not only political figures, but also celebrities and sports stars. In 2016 to 2017, there is at least one story on any news outlets are about racism. Of course, racism has always