Garibaldi Research Paper

Italy was frustrated by the Treaty of Versailles. Italy believed that they contributed to the allied force victory of World war One was not fairly rewarded in the treaty. They felt that Britain, France and Russia got the best deal instead, three years following the end of the war were marked by economic and political instability. Massive unemployment and debts crippled the once effective government. Because of the economic and political instability a new ruler was able to come in. Italy was under the rule of of the ruthless and violent dictator Benito Mussolini. He rose to power in the wake of World War I as a leading proponent of Fascism. Fascism is a political philosophy, movement, or regime (as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial

Garibaldi on the other hand made his fame more through military exploits, showing himself to be a great military leader and creating an image in the Italian people’s mind of a true hero in which everyone could get behind. He appealed to the people especially that of the south through his rough upbringing

Therefore, they strategically persuaded European powers to fight against Austria…Italy provoked Austria into war Cavour then used Garibaldi’s popular appeal to his benefit. “When Garibaldi and Emmanuel rode through Naples to cheering crowds, they symbolically sealed the union of north and south, of monarch and people.” (McKay, 837) Italy was now unified.

A number of people weren’t really for, but were not against the unification of Italy. Marquis Massimo d’Azeglio , a politician from Piedmont, expressed that both northern and southern states would agree that unity is best in the sense that it would control foreign domination, but other than that Italy could survive in its separated state. (DOC 7) The people who had indifferent thoughts could agree that whatever happened, they wanted foreigners gone. Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, credible in the sense that he has had neighboring states such as Tuscany, Venetia, and Lombardy

3. In the mid-nineteenth century, Italy wasn’t unified. Italy was made up of independent states that nationalist wanted unified, but failed. Mazzini was “the most important nationalist leader in Europe and brought new fervor to the cause” (690). Mazzini desperately wanted Italy to be united and it finally was and became the Italian Republic. In 1860, the country shaped boot became a nation-state. After the war with Austria, “the forces of romantic republican nationalism compelled Cavour to pursue the complete unification of northern and southern Italy” (691).

Gioberti suggests that the unification would remove civil disputes, such as wars and revolutions, that occurred within Italy as well as create such a strong Italy that no foreign forces could penetrate it. This was important at the time, while many foreign forces, such as Prussia and Austria, had invaded Italy. It was also important that Italy unify in order to prevent revolutions, for Italy had had multiple revolutions prior to this time period. Though some would disagree with these benefits, Marquis Massimo d’ Azeglio, a politician from Piedmont, had said “... ask any Italian, north or south, whether or not it is useful for Italy to free itself from foreign domination and influence, and no one, thank God, will reply other than in the affirmative.” (Document 6) Azeglio says that, though not everyone agrees with Unification, everyone would agree that it is better for Italy to free itself from foreign domination. This could possibly be done through Italian unification and the impossibility of foreign invaders, which was mentioned by Gioberti. Many people believed in the Italian unification for its abilities to create strength, remove civil problems, and prevent foreign domination and

Before unification, Italy was a collection of different independent states. The Italian Wars, which went on from 1494 to 1559, were fought for the control of these Italian states by European powers. The most consistently fought over city-states in Italy were Naples, Florence, Venice, Sicily, and the Papal State of Rome. Many European powers were involved in the beginning, but soon the wars became a struggle between mainly France and Spain. While the Italian Wars were harsh on Italy, they helped to spread the Italian Renaissance throughout Western Europe. The Renaissance Era began a new way of thinking, which has been traced to the beginnings of Italian nationalism, which has contributed to the Unification of Italy.

He also was a trailblazer in promoting fascism, which is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism, which tends to view political violence and war as a means to build a stronger nation and thus expanding by absorbing weaker countries. Mussolini sided with Hitler in early 1940, sealing his fate with that of Germany which history tells us started World War II by first invading Poland in 1939 and then attacking both France and England. Germany eventually lost the war and Mussolini was shot and killed on 27 April 1945 by communist partisans in a small village of Giulino di Mezzegra the shooters name was Walter Audisio. After death, Mussolini had to endure more for his wrongdoing by being spat upon shot, and kicked then hung from a meat hook from the roof of a gas station. Civilians and passerby’s then stoned the bodies. After Mussolini’s downfall, the Christian Democracy political party dominated Italy for 50 years today Italy has a President named Giorgio Napolitano he is the 11th President in the history of the country and the longest serving President in the country’s history. The Prime Minister is Matteo Renzi who is 39 years of age making him Italy’s youngest leader since Mussolini. Italy has suffered many defeats in its history politically losing much of its power and on the other hand has won many battles having gained much power and worldly authority over many nations. Politics in the twenty first century is very public

Both Bismarck and Cavour manipulate foreign powers but use different tactics. This difference shows the similarities of ideas and theories behind the Italian and German revolution, as well as the small ways in which they

Italy has been shaped by its history of constant warring and many rulers, which in turn has made Italians doubtful toward authority as well as giving them a strong ability to survive difficult situations (Welcome to Italy).

He helped unite Italy into one country and was considered a revolutionary hero. Throughout his time as a revolutionary hero he faces some challenges, for instance, when he was supposed to take over a war ship and instead he ended up being caught by the police. He was supposed to be sentenced to death but he managed to escape and flee to South America for twelve years. Garibaldi decided to move to North America and in the same year went back to Italy. In Italy, they started calling him Risorgimento which meant revival. He was called this because he came back to help change Italy and make it one country. In Italy, he partners with the king of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel II and politically left Mazzani. In order to unite Italy, they forced the Austrians into the Alps. France took the last territory, called the Papal states. With that Garibaldi was able to push the unification to finally happen.

”My goal, which was, I believe, shared by most italians at that time, was to unite the country and rid it of foreign powers. Those who gave Italy her freedom would earn her people’s gratitude” (Garibaldi, page 6). During the age of Italian unification, there were three men who fought for her (Italy’s) freedom. Those men were Cavour the brains, Mazzini the soul, and Garibaldi the sword (Chastain).

The main political alignments of the newly unified Italy were the liberalists, socialist and the Catholic Church supporters and they all had different views and opposed each other. When Giolitti was in power he tried to win over all the key groups in order for them to accept and support the liberal state, however he was unable to do so because in trying to please one section he would end up alienating the other.

government felt it had no choice in the matter; it had to go to war.

Obviously, the newly united Italian state was greeted with much celebration. Unfortunately, it was also only a start. In truth, fundamental problems still plagued the country and had to be addressed if complete hegemony was to be achieved: firstly, the new Kingdom of Italy suffered from extreme backwardness and secondly, it was still deeply divided. The new Italy was split between north and south, between cities and countryside, between regions, between cities and localities,