GAZE ESTIMATION USING A LOW COST WEBCAM Abhishek Kuntal and Tanya Jha New York University Abstract In this project we develop an integrated vision system which reliably detects Human Gaze using a low cost webcam. We detect the user face using Haar-Like features and then use neural networks to estimate the gaze point. KEYWORDS Computer Vision, tracking, head pose, gaze tracking, neural networks. 1. INTRODUCTION Object recognition is a process for identifying a specific object in a digital image or video. Object recognition algorithms rely on matching, learning, or pattern recognition algorithms using appearance-based or feature-based techniques. Visual Perception according to Wikipedia is the ability to understand and interpret the surrounding environment by processing information that is contained in visible light. Visual recognition services like IBM Watson Visual Recognition Service etc. allows users to understand the contents of an image or video frame and to give user the answer of the question “What is in this image?” thereby improving our visual perception of the scene. There has been rapid development in the field for eye tracking. The traditional methods in eye tracking required systems to be intrusive, i.e. they require the user’s head to be fixed or mounted on an equipment to restrict movement but now systems are evolved to the point where the user can freely move. In our method we implement gaze tracking using a simple webcam. The simplest application of gaze
In today's world, we are lacking in social skills, as the technology increases, our social skills decrease. As our children grow up and develop, so does the technology, the kids get stuck behind those screens and tend to forget there are people on the other side of them and that they have feelings. One huge area kids and even adults need to work on is eye contact. When I was in grade school my teachers would say look at their nose or look above their head. Eye gaze would be a great idea to use with children that do not like making direct eye contact. With eye gazing, the child looks in the general direct of where the person they are talking to is looking at. For example, if the other person is looking at a flag, the child would have to see where the person eyes are pointing to, use that person's body to
The Power of the Male Gaze In patriarchal society, the male gaze serves as a reminder of the shortcomings and inadequacy of the female sex. The male gaze as seen in Edith Wharton’s House of Mirth functions as an objective measurement of a woman’s worth and a catalyst for Lily’s downfall. Lily internalizes notions of the male gaze and attempts to emulate the ideal feminine archetype. However, the fragility of her social standing is exposed due to the overwhelming influence of the male gaze.
In contemporary society, for example, when one is holding a conversation, the person gaze should be on the target they are speaking too rather than their forehead or ear. This is true as the key to conversation is with eye contact and getting to the point to the focus point of the conversation.
This article studies the power and socio-historical origins of the “stare” or “gaze”. (Reel to Real, 253) This is especially important in the context of Black Americans with slave history. The “stare” as it relates to the communication and relationship between blacks and whites in the United States (or slave master and slave) was key to the meaning and impact of the “stare”. More specifically, the gaze of a black woman seems to be the most threatening and unnerving for all men (whether white or black).
Most people are surprised to learn exactly how much information they communicated about themselves through their facial expressions. The intricacies of what one does with their the eyes, eyebrows, forehead, lips, tongue, teeth, and mouth while listening or talking combine to send some
According to NLP, automatic, unconscious eye movements known as “eye accessing cues” often accompany and indicate particular thought processes. These eye accessing cues indicate whether a person is thinking in images, sounds, self-talk, or through their feelings. In other words, visual cues, auditory cues and kinaesthetic cues. Eye accessing cues are often summarised as VAK and VAK(r) . When looking at a person’s face the VAK represents the left side and the VAK(r) indicates the right side this can also be put into a grid of three zones – upper, middle and lower. The method of eye accessing cues can be confusing at the beginning and I often relate to the following simple example of the most common “eye accessing cues” directions. I use
Kakadiaris et al. [21] addressed the problem of deformation caused by large expression by fitting an annotated face model on facial surface. This model is well suited to study geometrical variability across faces and hence can model the deformation of face. Here the face annotation is fully automatic and they used advanced multistage alignment algorithms for matching the faces. The annotated face model is deformed elastically to fit each face, thus matching different anatomical areas such as the nose, eyes, and mouth. This work is able to recognize faces in presence facial expressions and it also provides invariance to 3D capture devices through suitable preprocessing steps. Here scalability in both time and space is achieved by converting
Interestingly our free viewing tasks trended towards H values that were less than 0.5. This indicates gaze dynamics that were sub-diffusive or anti-persistent, movements. These types of movements are more commonly found during fixation – the need to keep the gaze
Facial acknowledgment programming is a PC construct program that utilizations focuses in light of still pictures and video pictures on facial components to distinguish a man. It was produced in th 1960s, and is the main semi-robotized framework for facial acknowledgment that required the chairman to find facial elements on photos before it computed separations and proportions to a typical reference indicate that was looked at reference information. (FBI.gov., n.d.) The product works off two methodologies; geometric and photometric; geometric is based off of elements and photometric depends on perspective. Out of the diffrent calculations that were produced, the three, Principal Components Analysis( PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA),
The first stage is called the Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM 1) sleep. This stage occurs between wakefulness and sleep, and it typically lasts between 1 to 10 minutes immediately following sleep onset. (“Stages of Sleep - Non-REM and REM Sleep Cycles | Tuck Sleep”) The body muscles are not inhibited, and the eyes roll while the eyelids may remain slightly open. In addition, breathing rate, blood pressure, and brain temperature decrease. The brain activity transitions from exhibiting alpha waves (8-13 Hz) to theta waves (4-7 Hz). (Foundation) Some people in NREM 1 sleep may experience sudden twitches or hypnotic jerks, and even – albeit rarely – hypnagogic hallucinations. (Stickgold and Walker)
There are many ways that the painting called Lover’s Eyes can be interpreted. At first when I looked at the painting it does not really seem to fit in the “monstrous” theme. This theme revolves around the idea of being a creature that acts or looks like a monster, for example doing crimes that cannot be seen as humane in any shape or form. However, when I looked at this piece a bit more I wondered why was there a women looking through a small window. Why was she in a place where there was such a small window in the first place and what story lies behind all this? That’s what made me pick this piece. Even though we can only see a very small part of her, I questioned what was the reason for that. Could it be that she is hiding a part of
Eye contact is a powerful stimulator for feelings of affection and love as when you look someone directly in the eyes, their body produces a chemical called phenylethylamine which are associated with feelings of love (Charger, 2011). Lewis and Laird (1989) explored the effect of eye contact on affection. In their study, participants who were strangers exchanged a mutual unbroken gaze for 2 minutes while another set of participants were asked to stare at the other person’s hand. The researchers found that participants “who were gazing at their partner’s eyes, and whose partner was gazing back reported significantly higher feelings of affection than subjects in any other condition” (p. 145). This type of effect is typically associated with romantic love, but this activity was done on strangers, so it demonstrates that eye contact will have a significant effect on your relationship with friends as well. Furthermore, eye contact signals that you are attentive to the other individual – a trait that fosters friendships as described earlier. Despite the positive effects of eye contact based on research, it is important to be cognizant about the extent this is applied, as gazing at someone for too long can be uncomfortable or unsettling. Keeping this in mind, eye contact is a powerful tool that can assist in friendships, but it can also quickly be
The gaze can be found in the National Geographic that classified into the four types of gazes, as he or she confront the camera, looking at the other objects in the picture, look off into the distance, or looking at nothing. The confrontation between the camera and the subject suggests that the acknowledgment of the photographer and reader, which the return of the gaze did not challenge the right of the viewer’s gaze to interpret or inspect the subject. Although, the facial expression is critical because the expression of a person can smiling friendly, glaring hostility, vacant, ambiguous or curious. In the photos of National Geographic magazine, the expression is not normally a confrontational or challenging look. In addition, the photographers
Gaze, as the Longman dictionary defines is “a long steady look”, but I would say it is much more than that long look. It is a constant look with admiration for something. It simply turns a subject to an object where male values the body of a female to fulfill their desires. The term ‘male gaze’ was first brought up by Laura Mulvey and has come from film theory and is basically used to describe the idea of putting the audience into the perspective of a heterosexual man. With the development of the media, we see films, “a major form of visual popular culture” (“The Patriarchal Gaze”), portraying women as sexually objectified bodies. Laura Mulvey in her article, “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema”, says that male gaze is an erotic look of power and of objectification. The view of the camera, and thus of the male protagonist, is that of the intended male ‘gaze’ (Mulvey). With the male gaze, female bodies presented in the movies are sexualized and their body is objectified. Females are shown offering up their femininity for the
The HMD could even track the user’s head movements so that the field of view would change appropriately as the user looked around.