Caitlin Scurria
Professor B. Hammer
PIT journal/Transfer Portfolio
21 July 2015
Gender Portrayals in Advertising
Gender portrayal in advertising has been a widely discussed and researched topic for years by social scientists, consumers, and advertisers alike. However, many people have looked at the topic solely from the perspective of male and female consumers and the effect that gendered advertisements has on them. In an article from The Journal of Advertising, Linda Tuncay Zayer and Catherine A. Coleman researched this topic from a different angle. The article, Advertising Professionals’ Perceptions of the Impact of Gender Portrayals on Men and Women: A Question of Ethics, analyzes the issue from the advertiser’s perceptions of what they are putting out in the media. Zayer and Coleman had two central research questions: “What are advertising professionals’ perceptions of how gender portrayals impact male and female audiences? In what ways do ethics inform their creative and strategic choices regarding gender portrayals in advertising?” (Zayer and Coleman 2015). Research was completed with two rounds of data collection on a wide variety of informants with different levels of experience in the industry (Zayer and Coleman 2015). Research methods included semi-structured and unstructured interviews, a focus group, and field operations (Zayer and Coleman 2015). After research was completed, the informants were placed in four different categories based off three interrelated
Throughout the years, advertisements have influenced and supported the cultural myth of gender roles to society. Advertisements that demonstrate men and women in their traditional roles can affect an individual’s perception. First, they might focus their products on individuals that still believe in traditional gender roles. Second, they might have society talking about the modern approach that the product is being advertised. Various cultures have made men and women believe what roles they should be doing. Unfortunately, many advertisements still show the idea that men are the providers and women are the housewives. However, since today we are gradually adapting and beginning to live in a modern world, the gender role myth is starting to slowly change in advertisements as men are beginning to take on traditional female roles that are considered less masculine and women have adopted male roles. The Le Creuset advertisement supports and rejects the traditional female gender role myth by demonstrating a father and a daughter both taking the position of a traditional female.
According to the United States Department of Labor, 69.7% of men compared to 57.2% of women were participating in the U.S. paid labor force in the year 2013 (U.S. Department of Labor, 2013). But despite this near equality in the rates of participation in the work force, men and women continue to be depicted in very distinct gender roles throughout the mainstream media (Eisend, 2010; Lull, Hanson, & Marx, 1977; Collins, 2011). This gender stereotyping effect is especially prevalent within advertising. Because advertisements in the media frequently rely on gender roles to promote products and services (Eisend, 2010), research examining the effects of gender portrayals in advertising has become increasingly important in the social and behavioral sciences.
Advertisements are made to grasp a consumer’s attention to the item the creators are selling, and sometimes the decide to objectify an entire audience in hopes of receiving attention from the male population. Studies have shown that as time passes, women become less affected and offended by the oversexualization of women in advertisements. Therefore, women have become desensitized to their objectification, to the point they now view it as normal. During the initial period of the hypersexualization of women, advertisements about women in traditional roles such as housewife or being in the kitchen, receded. In 1991 a new wave of feminism appeared, where women are trying to reclaim their bodies by embracing sexuality, while it is a good concept,
81% of ten year olds are afraid of being overweight. That doesn’t sound right does it? Well this terrifying statistic is true. In almost every ad that contains a women her body is usually unattainable. Due to this most girls grow up to have confidence issues because their bodies are not “perfect” or like the model in the ad who is most likely starving herself.
In the video, Killing Us Softly: Advertising’s Image of Women, the way women are portrayed in advertising is explored in great detail. The video exposes the gender stereotypes that are depicted in advertising on a regular basis. The effects of mass advertising are also explored particularly the effect of objectification of women on young girls. Young girls and women are affected by these constant and never-ending advertisements sexualizing women and marginalizing them to a desired look, which is unrealistic for most women. These advertisements send a message to women that if they don’t look like the women that are being portrayed on TV, they are not worth much. Young women and teenagers are influenced even easier. Media pushes the message to young kids that their self worth is determined by how they look and what they wear.
In the past the tobacco industry by far has been one of the most scrutinized industries for the strategies they used in promoting their products. The industry, however, found that the success of their products would require vast and effective advertisement (Jiloha, 2012). The value placed on tobaccos promotions cause four companies within the industry, Philip Morris, RJ Reynolds (RJR), American Tobacco Company, and Brown and Williamson to put their products into movies and shows where they can attract viewers. These companies strategically marketed their products and tobacco signage in favorable positions within movies to remove the stigma of tobacco smoking. RJ Reynolds went as far as offering free cigarettes to all Hollywood actor and actress. In addition to television, efforts were also made to put tobacco products in the hands of actors pictured in favored articles and journals.
Women in advertisements have always been portrayed negatively due to degrading stereotypes, making them feel self-conscious and stopping them from doing things from fear of judgement. “Fear of judgement is stopping many of us from taking part in exercise. But as thousands of women up and down the country are proving, it really doesn’t have to” (This girl can, 2015). Advertisers are conscious that stereotypes are not an exact representation of women, but ads with sexy women sell, therefore they have no reason to change them. Advertisers love to use gender representation as according to Barthel (1988), they restructure adverts exploiting gender identity to attract people’s attention and
The role of gender in advertising has been an issue in society since modern media emerged as well as the different advertising methods. Modern media uses methods that concentrate on sex and the stereotypical images and ideas of the parts men and women play as consumers. These methods construct a female social problem that began in the 1960s with the portrayal of stereotypical housewives and of women in a general passive role. Today, this image has evolved into a new social problem for women; as they are shown in an entirely different light by the advertising world, and with more repercussions on the image of a woman if she is a minority. Men are portrayed as being aggressive, and are constantly in a pursuit of power, wealth and physical domination
The objectification of the female body is constant through every form of media within our culture. Societal and cultural ideals place pressure on women of all age groups on what their ideal body should be and much of this is done through the advertising industry which is dictated by males. Advertisements, are a announcement in a public medium promoting a product, service, or event. Through advertising we have depicted an ideal culture, with values, moral, and beliefs. Our western culture has evolved along with use of advertisement, the use of new advertising mediums, mass consumption of advertisements and the depiction of gender, in particular representation of women. On average Americans encounter 3,000 advertisements a day, and at the center
How does advertising use of gender effect our views of males as consumers in the auto industry? Auto advertisements, specifically truck advertisements, use an all-male platform from the voice describing the truck, the physique of the male looking at or driving the truck, to the male purchasing the truck from another male, thus leading us to the great assumptions that males are the consumers of the vehicle being advertised. This assumption that men are the consumers of trucks begins at a very young age. As David Buckingham stated in Childhood in the Age of Global Media “…this is a very pink and blue market” (46) With this type of advertising beginning at such a young age, it is easy to see how advertisements in the auto industry, specifically
Taking a look at the details can make a big impact in what you think you are seeing. On the outside, we see sexes that are the biological differences in individuals, but what about the concept of gender? The expectations that society creates about men and women establish these levels of association people gather together. As these roles come about, people begin to grow accustom and oblivious to the reoccurring presence. In the current era, media continues to expand all over the areas of daily living. One of the major forms of communication is advertising, which relays information to society about a certain product, location, or trending topic. Whether it be on television, the radio, or the internet, gender is intertwined into these forms of
Advertisements are a largely influential aspect of our very capitalist world. They attempt to sell us an idea and, if we want to or not, we are influenced by its content. Your advertisement campaign that highly focused on selling to males through the use of sexually suggestive images and phrasing has struck a chord with the populous, but for the wrong reasons. Your product, being a higher quality grade of milk, should be sold around its nutrition and health benefits and not around sexually suggestive themes. As this particular advertisement campaign mainly targets men it does so to a fault as it leaves out every other demographic. I have devised a more effective advertisement that could potentially bring in more customers from a wider demographic
The roles of males and females in society have significantly changed, as opposed to the predominant roles in our history. In the modern culture of today, women have begun to break out of the mold that which society has placed her in. This much can’t be said when it comes to modern gender representation in mass media advertising. It can be safe to state that woman are seen as sexual, fragile, exotic—whereas men are portrayed as tough, in control, and aggressive. This trend can be one seen as an inhibitor to the advancement of our culture, because especially for women, it is hard to pull away from the stereotypes that are continuously represented. As examples of the given trend, the following
Advertisements could be considered a fundamental part of American society’s backbone. What advertisers choose to present to the masses in hopes of attracting customers shows a lot about what a society values. Over the years, ads have changed with people and culture. When looking further into timepieces, one can see a large difference in how subjects were displayed and how they are now presented. One of these subjects is gender. The textbook definition of gender has stayed the same but the social contexts of it have changed over the years. Gender roles in society have changed drastically over the years through advertisements.
As Alice Walker states, “The most common way people give up their power is by thinking