Genetic Observations Through The Studies of Hybrid Corn, Single Gene Human Traits, and Fruit Flies
The basic foundation of modern genetics was led by Gregor Mendel (Corcos,
1993). Mendel was not the first to experiment with heredity, and our Lyman
Briggs biology class will not be the last to deal with genetics. Genetics is the science of heredity. In our lab, we had three main objectives. First, we evaluated our data on monohybrid and dihybrid corn cross seed counts against
Mendel’s theoretical expectations of independent assortment and the segregation of alleles. Next, we used the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem to provide a theoretically expected value for allele frequencies for single human gene traits. Lastly,
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These were a good choose because they are prolific breeders, and they only have four pairs of chromosomes (Davis, 1996). Morgan linked a fly’s eye color to its sex. He found that females carry two copies of this gene, while the male only carries one . Morgan’s work also led to a new, more wildly used way for symbolizing alleles (Campbell, 1996).
Materials and Methods
Materials and methods were as per Davis (1996). For the corn cross lab, corn was counted off of the ears of the corn, rather than through jars. For the human characteristics between 143 to 149 students were observed. Seven different single human gene traits were considered for this lab. The fruit fly cross was set up on September 24, 1996. The parental (P) generation begun with ten red-eyed males and six white-eyed females. The parent flies were removed on
October 3, 1996. Data collection was stopped on October 10, 1996.
Results
A punnett square was used for the monohybrid corn cross to find the genotypes of the potential offspring. The gamete combinations were Su=smooth seeds with an observed value of 497, and an expected value of 451.5; and su= wrinkled seeds with an observed value of 105, and an expected value of 150.5.
The chi-squared value was 18.35, this value didn’t correspond with any of the given probability values. The Null hypothesis with a 3:1 phenotypic ratio was rejected (see figure 1). Hence, the observed number of
Corn crops were a staple life force in the early cultures of the natives. This caused the natives to cease their early practices of hunting, gathering and moving from place to place. It helped them transform into a more agricultural society. This crop was high in yield which could sustain a large population, therefore contributing to a growth and stability of their civilizations
The history of corn can be dated back to the beginning of time, but the use and value of corn had been unnoticed until it was introduce by the Native Americans. Where corn had seemed to be a big part of their everyday life from, being in myths, legends, and for a huge portion of their diet corn was an essential component. "when the Europeans had touched base to the New World during the late fifteenth century, the Native Americans had introduced corn what they had called maize to the Europeans .This crop was then later on grown and adapted from Canada to southern South America very quickly, which then began to form the new basis of the New World civilization" (Leventin & McManhon, 2012). The way corn has been changing and revolutionizing throughout time has been both fascinating and drastic. Rather than conventional corn being grown, it is genetically modified corn that have been dominating today 's crop industry and farming but the question remains as to how the various types of GMO corn has influenced the way it is grown and used and what its ramification are.
Introduction: The intention of this lab was to gain a better understanding of Mendelian genetics and inheritance patterns of the drosophila fruit fly. This was tasked through inspecting phenotypes present in the dihybrid crosses performed on the flies. An experimental virtual fly lab assignment was also used to analyze the inheritance patterns. Specifically, the purpose of our drosophila crosses is to establish which phenotypes are dominant/recessive, if the traits are inherited through autosome or sex chromosomes and whether independent assortment or linkage is responsible for the expressed traits.
Agriculture served as the material foundation for the natives. Corn was the heart of this foundation because it was so versatile. In
First, Michael Pollan explains how corn is been used really “sprouted up” in the year 1947 after
The motivation of this lab report is to use Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance to analyze and predict the genotypes and phenotypes of an offspring generation (F2) after knowing the genotypes and phenotypes of the parent generation (F1). The hypothesis for this experiment is that the mode of inheritance for the shaven bristle allele in flies is autosomal recessive in both male and female flies.
And the ever more popular Autosomal test, which looks at the 22 other non-sex specific chromosomes, and therefore, both sides of the family. Males and females can take this test.
Maize is a wild plant and was discovered by Indians. It belongs to the same grass family as barley, rye, rice, wheat, and oats. When the Pilgrims landed in North America in 1620, the Indians gave them maize to eat. They also showed the Pilgrims how to grow maize. The Pilgrims called the maize “corn”, which mean grains and Americans still call it corn today. The word corn has a different meaning depending on what country you are in. According to the Department of Agronomy at Iowa State University, corn in England means wheat and in Scotland and Ireland, it means barley or oats (www.agron.iastate.edu). By drawing on documents and reports from the Pre Columbian American era, I plan to discuss how corn was discovered, the importance of it, and how it was used by Pre Columbian Americans.
With many uses from popped to creamed and even plain on the cob. Corn was an important part of the early Native American survival and lifestyle. The early settlers owe their own survival to corn, as does the rest of the world, thanks to Christopher Columbus. In this paper we will touch on all three of the key points; The Native Americans, The pilgrims and Christopher Columbus.
The stalks and the cobs were used for fuel; the young corn was used for fresh vegetables the older corn was grounded into flour. Native Americans do not believe in was ,they believe it is disrespectful and sinful against god, an Mother Earth a waste of the gifts and blessing generously given by them. When the Pilgrim’s arrived in the Americas their supplies ran out quickly and they soon found themselves in need of food warm clothing with winter fast approaching. The native born people soon approached a befriended the pilgrims. When the so called Pilgrims who were actually criminal, miscreants, and the seedy part of society, the unwanted of England, they noticed that the Native Americans were kind in spirit and generous in heart. They proceeded teach the Pilgrims how to build a shelter, that would protect them from the elements, they taught them how to find and prepare different vegetables especially corn so that they would not starve to death over the winter. An in return they gave the Natives smallpox and STD’s and they started dropping like flies dying because of good deeds. Corn saved the Pilgrims lives and in appreciation the Natives
Corn was a staple in the Americas which came from the native Americans. Corn became extremely popular because a lot or people ate it. “Since enslaved people ate form of corn at almost every meal, they created a variety of ways to prepare it drawing inspiration from their Native American neighbors. In the seventeenth century, many enslaved Africans may have noticed similarities between their cultures”(Regelski,The Soul of Food). Africans took this technique and incorporated into their way of making bread which were called hoecake or ash-cake. Corn bread was also a good source of food for slaves that worked on the field. Because some of the time the master would not give them a break. Corn beard was easy to eat because it did not require utensils.
Based on your results for the female offspring, predict whether color blindness is a dominant or recessive trait. Explain your reasoning.
The Green Corn is Celebrated it on August.Most of the ceremony the Shawnee tribe painted their faces.The green corn dance is when the grab ears of corn and they boiled the ears of corn over a boiling fire.They would cook the corn for the whole village.The snake dance is when
If you climb a hill and study the details of a corn field you will notice the row neat as armies marching down the valley. Each row is a straight highway. Then you will see the yellow tops, glowing brilliantly as the sun. The sloping details of the hilly field makes you gasp as you look upon them. You are filled with awe and wonder.
The information regarding corn provided by Pollan was enlightening to me as well. Initially, I had no idea about the saturation of corn and corn related products in our modern diet. I agree with you that corn in its present manifestation depends on enormous amounts of fossil fuels which pollute the environment. Petroleum is used as a base for fertilizer and fuel for tractors during tilling and harvesting. Corn as grown by the Native Americans was vastly different then the current form and much more