Gentrification in North Philadelphia
Gentrification began to garner a great deal of attention from scholars, politicians, and the media soon after the phenomenon was first identified by Ruth Glass in the 1964 (Glass, 1964). Politicians and academics have debated[[delete,] what constitutes gentrification, whether gentrification is a legitimate means of improving the economy of metropolitan neighborhoods, or if the influx of wealthier residents into a low income neighborhood is more akin to an “invasion,,” an invasion which could lead to conflict along class and racial/ethnic lines as once public spaces are appropriated by corporate interests. I intend to conduct a study of gentrification in the Northern Philadelphia area, but I have
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Research Questions
How has the expansion of Temple University affected the Cecil B. Moore neighborhood? (or alternatively: How has the new home construction and redevelopment by realtors and development corporation effected East Kensington?)
How do local residents feel about the socioeconomic changes occurring in the Cecil B. Moore neighborhood (or alternatively East Kensington) and how have these changes affected their lives?
Are changing rent and property rates linked to the expansion of Temple’s campus? (alternatively: Are the changing rent and property rates in East Kensington linked to realtors and development corporations’’’ redevelopment projects?)
Theory
Soon after the term gentrification was conceived, scholars began to develop and debate its theoretical foundation. Neil Smith and David Ley engaged in one of the more important theoretical debates about the causal factors of gentrification. Neil Smith’s rent-gap theory frames gentrification in economic terms. Essentially the rent-gap theory is based on the classic economic law of supply and demand (Smith, 1979). According to Smith when there is a disparity between income collected from rent and the potential achievable rental income, investors will seek to renovate and increase rent (Smith, 1979). Ley rejects Smith’s claim that gentrification is caused only by the changing housing market and presented his own theory which places societal needs as the driving force behind
When a neighborhood is gentrified it will not only change the image of it, but also the services available there (Al-Kodmany 2011, 62-63). In other words, gentrification does not only have an impact on the physical aspect of the land, but also the resources that lie there. During the 90s, the Near West Side neighborhood located near Loop, an up-scale neighborhood, sought drastic changes within the area. The changes in racial demographics in the Near West Side indicated that the health risks that affected minorities dropped in the past decade (1992-2002) (Al-Kodmany 2011,
People that don't make the most such as middle class citizens are constantly pushed and involuntary forced out of their city because of gentrification. Gentrification is the process of renovating and the economic redevelopment from one culture to another using a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste. In Downtown Eastside gentrification has been occurring for the past years. In Vancouver DTES gentrification would be doing more harm than good. The effects gentrification would leave in Vancouver DTES are unimaginable. Leaving many homeless, in poverty, culture clashing and with struggles for the low income the middle class people earn. Vancouver is already known as “poorest postal code in Canada. How will the people survive this new modification being done to their beloved DTES?
According to the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia reports that Philadelphia expedience the most gentrification between 2000 and 2013. Out of the 356 communities in Philadelphia, only 15% of them have seen the effects of gentrification.
Now days walking down the streets of Atlanta, we see the new neighborhoods consisting of condos, Starbucks, yoga classes and Chipotle. Gentrification is a growing problem in urban areas as the influx of the riches have caused the displacement of lower class families due to higher economic demands and local politics. According to Diane K. Levy, Jennifer Comey and Sandra Padilla (2005), “We define gentrification as the process whereby higher-income households move into low income neighborhoods, escalating the area’s property values to the point that displacement occurs. In addition to changes in economic class, gentrification often involves a change in a neighborhood’s racial and ethnic composition…” (p.1). Though gentrification has lasting affects on the economic status of cities, there are also repercussions that not only effect working individuals but also the students that attend school in these gentrified areas. When areas are gentrified, schools are rezoned thus leading to long lasting consequences that students must face. Some believe that gentrification is beneficial to a growing economy in a growing city, but the realities of the its lasting effects on education are often left under the radar. The issues that lie within the education system as it pertains to gentrification include day segregation and unequal opportunities between affluent and low-income areas.
In the constantly changing economy of cities, the growth of city housing is oftentimes neglected. In “Cities Mobilize to Help Those Threatened by Gentrification” Timothy Williams recounts how gentrification has evolved over the years. Mentioning how cities have changed in order to appease the younger professionals, Williams shows how the city itself is in jeopardy due to the tax increases. Slowly loosing their faithful residents as well as historic culture cities face a big deal. Williams gives quotes from faithful residents, “…long time homeowners are victims of the success story”, (Williams 346). In “Cities Mobilize to Help Those Threatened by Gentrification”, Williams uses his credible quotes and modern statistics to generate the reader’s emotions, with desire to change how city officials go about gentrification in culturally infused cities.
Imagine the home you lived in for decades, being knocked down for a football stadium, shopping center, or new housing. That is gentrification. Webster’s dictionary defines gentrification as “the process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste” (“Gentrification”). Gentrification is not a new subject, as it has been occurring for centuries, dating back to medieval times, constructing forts over villages. Today, gentrification typically occurs in urban settings where buildings are vacant, and most of the residents live in poverty. Gentrification can destroy families, communities, and history. This topic is often at the center of debate for politics and town gossip, as developers are disrupting the current residents that reside in the vicinity. Gentrification occurs all around us, having pros and cons for each project. How is it ethical to kick individuals out of their home, and community for another’s benefit? Questions arise as the development and takeover of land often displaces individuals, their entire families, and livelihood. Temple University is a prime example of gentrification as well as other wealthy organizations, including football teams from the National Football League. The practice of gentrification comes to symbolize the new development and demolition of individual’s lives while trying to benefit the parties involved.
Demographic Overview Low income housing, high percentage of African America, number of row houses potentially converted for business. Some evidence of mixed economics between run-down and gentrification projects. Very few business professionals walking, mostly urban poor.
First, let's start with what gentrification is. Google defines it as “the process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste”, but the image Gentrification usually evokes when brought into discussion is hipsters moving into a run-down but charming neighborhood and transforming it into something completely different. What is a hipster? Some may call them the fairy godmothers of the once neglected area, and others may refer to them as the monsters that are displacing families to make an artisan beard oil shop, but we’ll touch on that later.
Gentrification is a problem that is plaguing cities all over the United States. Within the past decade, there has been an influx of people moving to Washington D.C., causing gentrification to become a prominent issue in the nation’s capital. People who have lived in certain parts of the city for generations are now being pushed out because of “escalating rents and real estate taxes associated with rising property values” (Duggan). And while it may be a positive thing that some areas of the city are experiencing revitalization, it’s a problem that the people who have been there are unable to experience it. Furthermore, there are certain areas of the city such as Anacostia, where poverty remains prominent. Gentrification is an issue in Washington D.C. that doesn’t seem like it is going to go away any time soon.
This investigation explores gentrification within the Trinity-Spadina Ward of Toronto. The research question of ‘To what extent is gentrification present in the Liberty Village neighborhood of Toronto?’ largely focuses on redevelopment, land use and population demographics. Based on the comparison of four indicators between Ward 20 and the City of Toronto, it was hypothesised that gentrification is a prominent agent of change in the Liberty Village neighborhood.
The term Gentrification was coined by a British Sociologist Ruth Glass to describe the movement of middle class families in urban areas causing the property value to increase and displacing the older settlers. Over the past decades, gentrification has been refined depending on the neighborhood 's economic, social and political context. According to Davidson and Less’ definition, a gentrified area should include investment in capital, social upgrading, displacement of older settlers and change in the landscape (Davidson and Lees, 2005).Gentrification was perceived to be a residential process, however in the recent years, it has become a broader topic, involving the restructuring of inner cities, commercial development and improvement of facilities in the inner city neighborhoods. Many urban cities like Chicago, Michigan and Boston have experienced gentrification, however, it is affecting the Harlem residents more profoundly, uprooting the people who have been living there for decades, thus destroying the cultural identity of the historic neighborhood.
Gentrification is also classified as the settlement of an area by a more modern people, as well as a younger and more ‘hip’ crowd. While they are willing to pay higher rent, it unfortunately causes a spike in taxes (Gentrification 1). Gentrification reached an all-time high in the 90s and 2000s. The sudden rejuvenation of urban areas “…led to the… rise in property values”(1). Older residents are no longer able to afford the higher rent that came along, causing them to relocate to more rural areas (1).
The mixed methodology of quantitative and qualitative studies will be examined for the statistical values of rate of with urban areas in the United States are being gentrified and also the rate of which the vulnerable population is being displaced and affected. If valid, the studies could prove that a specific and trending demographic is being affected the majority of time, and new policies should be put in place to protect this demographic or vulnerable population.
Gentrification has been a controversial issue both in urban planning and politics primarily due to the displacement of poor people by the rich folks (Shaw & Hagemans, 2015). Many individuals have viewed gentrification as an illegal act that should be avoided at all costs. On the other hand, another group of people believe that gentrification is the way forward to promoting growth and development. With such contrasting ideas, this paper is going to take a look at gentrification from a positive and negative perspective, its effects, and how it can be prevented or contained. Apart from this, the paper will also address the following questions.
According to Dictionary.com, “gentrification is the process of renovating houses and stores in urban neighborhoods to fit the middle or upper-income families, raising property value, but often displacing low-income families.” Gentrification has been an idea since the 1960s and had an effect on countless cities and neighborhood communities. Gentrification was first used by Ruth Glass in her book London: Aspect of Change in 1964, she noted that ¨gentrification can progress rapidly until all or most of the original working-class occupiers are displaced, and the whole social character of the district is changed.” Nonetheless, gentrification has helped revive many cities and revolutionize them, especially with technological