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Gold Mining In South Carolina

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South Carolina’s commercial gold mining began in 1829, two years after the first discovery of gold in the area [1]. Mining continued with variations in productivity until World War II, when all gold mining was abandoned until renewed interest during the 1980s [1]. Figure 1., seen above, shows the amount of gold produced per year in troy ounces per year and the percentage of total US gold production [2]. Overall, gold production increases with time as newer mining techniques increase efficiency. In 1836, South Carolina produced above 11% of total gold for the United States. During this time, there were a number of different gold extraction techniques that involved mercury [3]. The common rocker, which looks similar to a child’s crib, was …show more content…

It can be released anthropogenically, naturally or re-emitted by some combination of the previous two sources but most mercury was originally released from anthropogenic activities [8]. Burning fossil fuels and small-scale gold mining are the main sources of these anthropogenic emission [9].
Once released into the environment, mercury is free to be taken up by plants and animals but is not toxic unless transformed through bacterial or chemical processes into its organic form, the most famous of which is methylmercury [6], [8], [10] Methylmercury impacts several critical organ systems and particularly toxic to the development of the fetus [11]. It also bioaccumulates in living organisms, which leads to higher levels of methylmercury with each increasing trophic level [10], [12], [13]
2.3 The Watersheds of South …show more content…

The amount of mercury uptake into the rice is enough to rival the dangers of mercury in fish in certain populations [18], [19]. It is possible that the same connection existed in South Carolina. The combination of mercury from gold mining, rice fields and high intake of rice mirrors the environment of the 19th century but many rice plantations moved to the coast during this time [20]. It is unknown if the mercury would have affected the rice plantations over that area or if any negative effects were noted at the time

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