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Great Gatsby Criticism

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Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby is one of the most widely read books in the English language, deemed by esteemed literary critic T.S. Eliot to be “the first step forward that American fiction has taken since Henry James” (1). Published in 1925, during the height of the Roaring Twenties, The Great Gatsby is a work that has come to represent an entire historical period of America. The Great Gatsby is firstly and foremost about America; the land, the people, and the identity of the nation. Through examining the pursuits of hedonistic, rich, young people, Fitzgerald offers a criticism of the prevailing cultural attitude of his day. Fitzgerald examines two ways of living: the shallow hedonistic pursuit of immediate pleasure, and the idyllic, optimistic hope for the future, seen best through the “American Dream,” and ultimately declaims both as futile, leaving each adherents discontent. By choosing to end the novel with Gatsby’s death Fitzgerald displays his rejection of the naïve optimism of the American Dream.
There are two types of wealthy in The Great Gatsby, geographically split into the East Egg, the “old money,” who are the established, respectable wealthy, and the West Egg, the “new rich”; they are the successful adherents to the American Dream, who extravagantly display and squander their wealth. The new rich, while they appear to be materially successful, pursue pleasure restlessly, which they can never quite grasp before it fades away. Nick Carraway,

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