Group Policing Model

There are multiple approaches to engaging a police force with the community in order to most effectively prevent and respond to crime, and considering the relative strengths and weakness of each of these strategic models will demonstrate how models can impact the operation of daily policing practices and activities. The model under discussion here is called community oriented policing (COP), and focuses on building relationships and rapport between officers and the community in order to more effectively prevent crime. It is augmented by a model called problem solving policing (PSP), and depends upon rank-and-file officers identifying community problem areas through direct observation and analysis. Each model excels at slightly different things, and in practice most police agencies deploy a mix of models. By examining the Miami-Dade Police Department's handbook for school resource officers, it will be possible to view a COP/PSP policy in action in order to better understand how these models practically affect policing.

Problem-oriented policing presents an alternative approach to policing that has gained attention in recent years among many police agencies. Problem-oriented policing grew out of twenty years of research into police practices, and differs from traditional policing strategies in four significant ways.

In the last three decades, several concepts have been advanced to organize efforts to improve policing. Among them have been team policing, neighborhood policing, community policing, zero-tolerance policing and problem-oriented policing. Herman Goldstein was the first to propose problem-oriented policing in 1979. Problem-oriented policing is a policing strategy that involves the identification and analysis of specific crime and disorder problems, in order to develop effective response strategies in conjunction with ongoing assessment. The emphasis in problem-oriented policing is on directing attention to the broad range of problems the community expects the police to handle–the problems that constitute the business of the police and on

According to Peak et al. (2010), “Team policing was a popular reform effort that sought to improve crime prevention and reduction efforts by assigning teams of officers to a particular neighborhood and giving them responsibilities for all services in that area” (p. 294). There are advantages and disadvantage in in team policing. The advantages of team policing includes high arrest rates for criminal offenses such as burglary, larceny and robbery (Martinez, 2013). Team policing has certain aspects of community-oriented policing which interacts with the community to solve problems, reduce crime and the fear of crime (Martinez, 2013). Similarly, Patterson (2015) indicate that the team policing concept “assigns responsibility for a certain geographic

Problem solving is also referred to as problem-oriented policing. This is the progression of relationship improvement between civilians, authority and community (Schmalleger, 2014). Officers typically target communities that have a higher incident rate than those around it. Officers then set out to gain and observer information gathered in the community from concerned citizens. Once information is gained, solutions are sought out by working with the community. After this relationship is established, problems and potential solutions are gained, officers then come back with a feasible solution to the varying problems that are within that community. Both officers and community members put the plan into action while police monitor the plans course

Decentralized policing model system provides a division of responsibility. For example, in the United States law enforcement is broken down in different divisions, we have Federal, State and local law enforcement and within these agencies there are divisions responsible for different areas.

Community policing has evolved to be the most used strategy for policing. “It is an approach to crime detection and prevention that provides police officers and supervisors with new tools for addressing recurrent problems that plague communities and consume a majority of police agency time and resources” (Peak, 2012, 65). It has been defined by various people differently. But all the definitions have similar principles (Chappell, 2009). They focus on proactive problem solving and create relationships with the community to address any issue that may arise. Community policing is a combination of client-oriented and problem-oriented policing.

When looking at the Problem-Oriented Policing (POP) website we see that it provides information to law enforcement departments around the country giving them information on how to deal with a significant amount of community problems (Problem-Oriented Policing, 2017). The website of POP shows in details community issues such as vandalism, street prostitution, and domestic violence for law enforcement departments to gain ideas how they can be addressed. There have been large numbers of police departments that have taken advantage of the enormous amount of resources provided to them by the POP two such departments the Oakland Police Department in Los Angeles, and the other being Lindgate Police Department in Nevada (Calgues, 2015).

The primary policing system that was used in Balko’s (2014) reading was that the patrols had the power to arrest, search, and detain African American known as salves during that time (Balko 28). The criminal justice has viewed people of color as a threat and that has been a racial myth carried over for many years. Being that people of color have experienced racial biases from the criminal justice system is just a safety issue for them. Eric Garner was a victim of a racial myth targeted as Black man that was believed to be committing a crime and as a threat because he was not agreeing to what they believed he was doing. The racial bias was that he was targeted based on the color of his skin. If you’re black and live in the poor side of town

In every bureaucratic structure, there is a possibility of misconduct. With policing, the very foundation of the system was once based on patronage and inner group relationships. In the very early years of policing the forerunners were chosen solely based upon who they knew and what they had to offer, resulting in unqualified leaders in the agency. Although we know that policing today is very different, there are still similarities in how the system works. In efforts to offer checks and balances, the CJ system has several departments that deal with issues with internal affairs. However, because police departments are at the lower level they are less likely to be studied with the same level as federal departments. Because of this many people

In many regards, some of these advancements mirrored the standards of policing that had existed amid the political period however had since blurred in light of the change development. Despite the fact that the group period speaks to another theory and state of mind about policing, plainly many police divisions keep on clinging to leftovers of the expert time. In this regard, some police divisions have been more effective at consolidating divided components of group period changes however less fruitful at adjusting approaches, hones, and composed methodologies steady with this new model (J. R. Greene and Mastrofski,

Community policing is a philosophy. It uses organizational strategies that support the use of partnerships and problem solving techniques to address issues of public safety.Community-oriented policing is collaboration between the community, organizations within the community, and the police that identify and solve community problems. Police officers work with the community to help solve problems related to crime, fear of crime, social and physical disorder, and neighborhood conditions. They do this to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods. Officers spend time in these neighborhoods getting to know the residents and business owners by talking to them about the problems that the community is facing or individuals who are causing problems. They are responsible for reducing crime in their beats.

Police agencies all over the world implement different policing strategies in accordance with the purpose. Community policing is one of the philosophy in which most of the countries effectively working with it. According to U. S. Department of Justice Community policing is a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social, and fear of crime (n.d). This essay critically examines the conditions, which would impact both positively and negatively on the police procedures required to implement community policing strategy in the Maldives.

The overlay police model offers more opportunity for police officers in general to interact with the community. Patrol officers can network with specialist officers and work towards the common goal of reducing crime, gang activity and many other underworld illegal issues (Fritsch et al., 2009, p 90). Without abandoning traditional police patrol and with some emphasis on teamwork provides the opportunity for officers to engage the communities at various levels and not to get stuck in the same job day after day. Model 2 Generalist also offers the same concept just as model 1 of policing and establishes the “every officer is a community policing officer” so no matter what specialty a police officer holds this is where the foundation

Problem-orientated policing is based strongly upon situations that are perceived as leading to the criminal activity. Problem-orientated policing first came about back in 1979 by Herman Goldstein where he published an article and thus laid out a new style of policing he called problem-oriented policing, according to Goldstein this new style of policing was revolutionary and showed a change in the way police operate (Goldstein, 1979). In problem-orientated policing as it became more popular the police came up with a four stage for the problem-solving process know as SARA, Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Evaluation Model. Step 1 is identifying the