Group Policing Model

The primary policing system that was used in Balko’s (2014) reading was that the patrols had the power to arrest, search, and detain African American known as salves during that time (Balko 28). The criminal justice has viewed people of color as a threat and that has been a racial myth carried over for many years. Being that people of color have experienced racial biases from the criminal justice system is just a safety issue for them. Eric Garner was a victim of a racial myth targeted as Black man that was believed to be committing a crime and as a threat because he was not agreeing to what they believed he was doing. The racial bias was that he was targeted based on the color of his skin. If you’re black and live in the poor side of town

The reason some officers have resisted implementing problem-solving strategies is because problem solving has a dual focus. According to the course text, the first focus, is that it requires incidents to be linked to problems. The second focus, is time devoted to “preventive” patrol is required to be spent proactively, which determines problems in the community and their causes (Miller, Hess, & Orthmann, 2014). Although problem-solving is ideal, unfortunately officers cannot ignore specific incidents. For example, when call come in, officer respond as quickly as possible. In addition, even if officers respond to incidents, seek symptoms of problem, or both, the public can help or hinder their efforts (Miller, Hess, & Orthmann, 2014).

Community policing has evolved to be the most used strategy for policing. “It is an approach to crime detection and prevention that provides police officers and supervisors with new tools for addressing recurrent problems that plague communities and consume a majority of police agency time and resources” (Peak, 2012, 65). It has been defined by various people differently. But all the definitions have similar principles (Chappell, 2009). They focus on proactive problem solving and create relationships with the community to address any issue that may arise. Community policing is a combination of client-oriented and problem-oriented policing.

The State police is responsible for the prevention of crime within a state. The major jobs of a law enforcement officer are, Traffic law enforcement, Investigating and preventing crime, supporting local law enforcement, and helping with misalanious tasks to maintain order. The two major models of state law enforcement organization are the Centralized and Decentralized model. The centralized model combines criminal investigations with state highway patrol. Normally the centralized police agencies help out the local law enforcement when needed, help to operate the centralized identification bureaus, provide training for municipal and county officers and patrol the highways within their state. The decentralized model is normally associated with

Although many may find community policing and problem-oriented policing to fall in the same category, there is (surprisingly) a difference between the two. For one, community policing has many definitions. For some, it means instituting foot and bicycle patrols and doing acts pertaining to the ideal bond between police officers and their community. While for others it means maintaining order and cleaning up neighborhoods in desperate need of repair (Dunham & Alpert, 2005). However, an idyllic definition of community policing is altering the traditional definition of crime control to community problem-solving and promising to transform the way police do their job. Within the past two decades, there has been much research on community

In many regards, some of these advancements mirrored the standards of policing that had existed amid the political period however had since blurred in light of the change development. Despite the fact that the group period speaks to another theory and state of mind about policing, plainly many police divisions keep on clinging to leftovers of the expert time. In this regard, some police divisions have been more effective at consolidating divided components of group period changes however less fruitful at adjusting approaches, hones, and composed methodologies steady with this new model (J. R. Greene and Mastrofski,

Problem oriented policing is a method of policing designed to focus on areas of increased criminal activity or hot spots. This method is executed by analyzing crime data, searching for solutions, implementing policies, and deploying resources which results in a reduction of crime. Herman Goldstein, a professor at University of Wisconsin- Madison, developed this method in 1979. This method of policing is one of the most widely used and accepted techniques used in policing today (Weisburb, Telep, Hinckle, and Eck, 2010).

Community oriented policing is a policing strategy based on the notion that community interaction and support can help control crime and reduce fear, with community members helping to identify suspects, detain vandals and bring problems to the attention of police. It is a philosophy that combines traditional aspects of law enforcement with prevention measures, problem-solving, community engagement, and community partnerships (Ref. 1).

Police agencies all over the world implement different policing strategies in accordance with the purpose. Community policing is one of the philosophy in which most of the countries effectively working with it. According to U. S. Department of Justice Community policing is a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social, and fear of crime (n.d). This essay critically examines the conditions, which would impact both positively and negatively on the police procedures required to implement community policing strategy in the Maldives.

Decentralized policing model system provides a division of responsibility. For example, in the United States law enforcement is broken down in different divisions, we have Federal, State and local law enforcement and within these agencies there are divisions responsible for different areas.

Problem-oriented policing presents an alternative approach to policing that has gained attention in recent years among many police agencies. Problem-oriented policing grew out of twenty years of research into police practices, and differs from traditional policing strategies in four significant ways.

There are multiple approaches to engaging a police force with the community in order to most effectively prevent and respond to crime, and considering the relative strengths and weakness of each of these strategic models will demonstrate how models can impact the operation of daily policing practices and activities. The model under discussion here is called community oriented policing (COP), and focuses on building relationships and rapport between officers and the community in order to more effectively prevent crime. It is augmented by a model called problem solving policing (PSP), and depends upon rank-and-file officers identifying community problem areas through direct observation and analysis. Each model excels at slightly different things, and in practice most police agencies deploy a mix of models. By examining the Miami-Dade Police Department's handbook for school resource officers, it will be possible to view a COP/PSP policy in action in order to better understand how these models practically affect policing.

Approaches of both community policing and traditional policing models differ in a variety of ways. The characteristics of the policing models are quite different from each other, and community based policing was considered laughable when suggested for the new approach in the early 1970s. Due to community policing’s new operating beliefs, new and unfamiliar expected officer behaviors, and that officers were being held legally responsible for their actions and inactions; the idea and implementation wasn’t widely accepted until 1980’s. Traditional policing was primarily dominated by rampant corruption and lawlessness that affected all levels of the police administration; therefore citizens had little trust if any, in the police officers of the time.

Whisenand, P. M., & McCain, J. K. (2014). Managing Police Organizations. In P. M.Whisenand, & J. K. McCain, Managing Police Organizations (p. 33). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

According to Peak et al. (2010), “Team policing was a popular reform effort that sought to improve crime prevention and reduction efforts by assigning teams of officers to a particular neighborhood and giving them responsibilities for all services in that area” (p. 294). There are advantages and disadvantage in in team policing. The advantages of team policing includes high arrest rates for criminal offenses such as burglary, larceny and robbery (Martinez, 2013). Team policing has certain aspects of community-oriented policing which interacts with the community to solve problems, reduce crime and the fear of crime (Martinez, 2013). Similarly, Patterson (2015) indicate that the team policing concept “assigns responsibility for a certain geographic