Hallstead Jewelers
Managerial Accounting ACCT 2301 – Case Analysis 1
September 29, 2010
Melissa Ng
Variable costs are made up of cost of goods sold plus sales commissions. Fixed costs are made up of salaries, advertising, administrative expenses, rent, depreciation, and miscellaneous expenses.
Assuming all questions are answered independently: 1. Income statement using the contribution approach: | 2004 | 2005 | 2007 | Sales | $8,583,000 | $8,102,000 | $10,711,000 | Less: Variable Costs | $4,669,000 | $4,456,000 | $5,998,000 | Contribution Margin | $3,914,000 | $3,646,000 | $4,713,000 | Less: Fixed Costs | $3,180,000 | $3,283,000 | $4,971,000 | Net Income | $734,000 | $363,000 |
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New income statement using the contribution approach: | 2004 | 2005 | 2007 | Sales | $8,583,000 | $8,102,000 | $10,711,000 | Less: New variable cost | $4,326,000 | $4,132,000 | $5,570,000 | Contribution margin per unit | $4,257,000 | $3,970,000 | $5,141,000 | Less: Fixed Costs | $3,180,000 | $3,283,000 | $4,971,000 | Net Income | $1,077,000 | $687,000 | $170,000 |
Variable costs only consist of cost of goods sold as sales commissions are eliminated.
The new break-even point in units and dollars: | 2004 | 2005 | 2007 | Sales per unit | $916 ($8,583,000 /9,367) | $877 ($8,102,000/9,240) | $891 ($10,711,000/12,028) | Variable cost per unit | $462 ($4,326,000/9,367) | $447 ($4,132,000/9,240) | $463 ($5,570,000/12,028) | Contribution margin per unit | $454.47 | $429.65 | $427.42 | Break-even in units | 6,997 ($3,180,000/$454) | 7,641 ($3,283,000 x $430) | 11,630 ($4,971,000 x $427) | Break-even in dollars | $6,411,543 ($916 x 6,997) | $6,699,966 ($877 x 7,641) | $10,356,814 ($891 x 11,630) |
Eliminating sales commissions has a positive affect overall. The company requires fewer units to be sold in order to break even. In other words, the break-even in units decreases compared to the original income statement in question 1. It is also important to note that variable costs particularly affected 2007. Without the elimination of sales
2. Fixed costs will increase from $2,000,0000 to $5,800,000, a gain of $3,800,000. (Depreciation expense will be $2,800,000 and this will be shown as a footnote in the 1999 pro forma income statement).
The total cost of production of Sony’s new product is the addition of both fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs are assets within a business that are not used up or sold during the typical production course e.g. buildings and machinery. Variable costs are costs that fluctuate in time with the production output or sales revenue of a company such as Sony e.g. raw material and labour costs. Figure 1.1 shows how the total cost is composed of both fixed and variable costs.
Variable costs are expenses directly associated with the product or service e.g. raw materials, components, packaging.
Unlike fixed cost variable cost you have some room to play, variable cost is all about changing inputs around to change output. Or as defined by Thomas and Maurice “variable input is one for which the level of
d) Break even sales change that would change the profits by the same amount as a reduction in price.
Compute the incremental net income of the investment for each year. (Do not round intermediatecalculations.)
Beginning with advertising, promotional, and selling expenses, these have totaled to be $250,696, $273,629, and $244,213 in 2014, 2015, and 2016, in thousands respectively. There are many components included within this genre of expenses. The fixed costs would encompass media advertising, sales and marketing expenses, as well as salary and benefit expenses. When it comes to directly categorizing advertising, knowing which stage the company is in regards to budgeting or accruing the expense throughout the year depends on whether it is fixed or variable. Having a
Another variable cost to consider is continuing education and training for employees. Like any business, it is important for those in the health and fitness field to stay on top of current trends in the industry. From time to time it may be beneficial and necessary for full-time employees to attend seminars or training sessions to expand their knowledge in the industry. This is a good example of a cost that would not be incurred on a regular basis, but should be budgeted for at least once a quarter. Two variable costs that organizations overlook are office supplies and fuel. In every organization employees use office supplies. In many organizations fuel is needed for
The Central Valley Company is a merchandising firm that sells a single product. The company’s revenues and expenses for the last three months are given below:
According to this method, every unit of the product is assigned all direct, fixed, and variable costs. This method includes the cost of direct materials and labor as well as a portion of the overhead costs associated with it in the final costing of every unit of the product.
In Exhibit 2, Salem Data Services Summary (SDS) Results of Operations, First Quarter 2004, it focuses on fixed expenses and variable expenses. It is essential for SDS to understand their business costs. The fixed costs are those expenses that do not fluctuate with changes in the level of business activity. According to SDS Q1 report, these expenditures include items such as expenses, equipment costs, wages and salaries. The Variable costs are expenses that vary depending on a company's production volume that can either increase or decrease. The variable costs are the power and operations hourly personnel.
Fixed costs for the period were: cost of goods sold $1,080,000, and selling and administrative expenses $225,000.
3 variable costs indentified, they are power, operations, material. They are proportional to the revenue intake.
The essential relationship between fixed and variable costs is the same whether the budget is static or flexible. The key is that in the flexible budget, both fixed and variable costs are subject to change. In most cases,
Fixed costs are those which do not change with the level of activity within the relevant range. These costs will incur even if no units are produced. For example rent expense, straight-line depreciation expense, etc.