Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” in the eyes of Jung
"To be or not to be, that is the question” (3.1.56). Hamlet's "to be or not to be" soliloquy is arguably the most famous speech in the history of theatre. In his soliloquy, Shakespeare strikes a chord with a fundamental human concern: the validity and worthiness of life. Would it be simpler for us to enter a never-ending sleep when we find ourselves facing the daunting problems of life, rather than to "Suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune"? (3.1.57-58) However, it is perhaps because we do not know what this endless sleep entails, that humans usually opt against suicide. "For in that sleep of death what dreams may come when we have shuffled off this mortal coil, must give us pause"
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According to Harold Bloom, Hamlet’s soliloquy “is the foundation for nearly everything he will say in act five, and can be called his death-speech-in-advance.” (Bloom 409) Therefore, Hamlet's soliloquy sums up the dilemma that haunts his mind and becomes a general analysis of the human condition.
Primarily, the dilemma that haunts Hamlet's mind is his thoughts on death. Hamlet feels that in death, we are free from the troubles of life and wonder if it is better "to take arms against a sea of troubles" (3.1.59) or to live life miserably. His "To be or not to be..." Suggests death or possible suicide; however, the subsequent lines pose two courses of action, which he, or one,
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The very reason for his soliloquy is to show that Hamlet is trying to reason with his conflicting thoughts on death, which then becomes a general analysis of the human condition. According to Carl Jung, Hamlet’s soliloquy is a representation of his shadow. The shadow is a representation of the personal unconscious as a whole and usually embodies the compensating values to those held by the conscious personality. Thus, the shadow often represents one's dark side, those aspects of oneself that exist, but which one does not acknowledge or with which one does not identify. As Hamlet’s thoughts on death develop throughout his soliloquy, the more similar they become to his thoughts on life, in that ultimately, he can only see the bad. There is a tricolon of phrases with two syllables that is repeated in the beginning section of the soliloquy which seem to link death to sleep and therefore use sleep as a metaphor for death. The first is, “To die: to sleep; No more” (3.1.60-61). This shows to what extent Hamlet has become numb to life due to how many “slings and arrows” he has suffered. The ease in which death slides to sleep reflects how, in Hamlet’s tired mind, they blend into one. For Hamlet, it is as easy to fall asleep as he imagines ceasing to exist, which is the subject of the first line of the soliloquy. The use of the words “no more” possibly refers to how overwhelmed Hamlet feels
In this play “Hamlet” written by William Shakespeare, there are many soliloquies that are said by Hamlet to depict various meanings of his thoughts, feelings, and actions that are inside of him. More specifically the soliloquy in Act 3, Scene 1, in lines 57-91 starts off with the famous saying known as “To be, or not to be”. Throughout this soliloquy, Hamlet is asking himself the question of whether it is better to live or not to live. In life, we are faced with many situations where we feel the need to give up our life and not face the problems. Only by facing all the troubles, will a person become stronger and more courageous to handle anything in life. By believing in one’s self, can man have the courage to follow what they think is right. Killing yourself or giving up is never a solution in life. This soliloquy reveals Hamlet’s fearful personality by showing that his decision-making process is slow and that he fears risks or uncertainty. These character traits are depicted thoroughly by Hamlet throughout the play.
The way that Shakespeare portrayed Hamlet’s soliloquy touches on a global issue of suicide. While Hamlet considers his suicidal thoughts it reveals inklings about his character. Hamlet’s soliloquy advances the tone of the play because of
One major theme within the play is the pervasiveness of death; death is everywhere within hamlet’s life and is a driving factor of the plot. This theme can be found in many parts of the play; for example, in Act 5 scene 2 of the play hamlet sends two players to their death in England (Shakespeare 1181). This shows how death is a mundane occurrence in hamlets time, this is shown in how hamlet shows almost no remorse for his actions and the subject is quickly overlooked. Within the soliloquy “To be, or not to be” hamlet comments on this theme and shows the audience his own ideas on the subject. One of his ideas is stated as “to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep (Shakespeare 1127).” In this line hamlet relates death to a peaceful sleep; by connecting the two terms hamlet conveys a certain familiarity in death as in sleep. Maybe in reducing death to nothing more than a sleep, hamlet is stating that dying is as simple
When Hamlet is set up and spied on by Claudius and Polonius, he examines the moral aspect of suicide in a painful world. He opens his soliloquy with asking a simple question, "To be, or not to be:that is the question:" (III. i. 58), that is, whether to live or to die. He then begins to question whether it is nobler to suffer life and the, "slings and arrows of outrageous fortune," (III. i. 66), or to take ones life and end one's suffering. He compares death to sleep and at first thinks that
Hamlet bases the end of his soliloquy off of the idea, “conscience does make cowards of us all” (3.1.91). In the contemplation of this idea, he transitions into a more philosophical and ambiguous tone, discussing the implications of questioning life versus death. Hamlet continues to say, “thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought” (3.1.92-3), stating that too much contemplation misguides our actions and therefore causes us to neglect them. In this instance, Hamlet is diving further into the issue he is discussing rather than the situation. He turns his contemplation of whether or not he should kill himself into one surrounding the extent and limitations of human thought. He begins to discuss existence in general, rather than this idea in the context of his life or everyone’s lives. Hamlet’s soliloquy, which is intended to be solely a representation of his own thoughts, is no longer general such that it seems to describe the situations of others, but it goes further as to contemplate the nature of thought in
Next, in one of the most famous soliloquies in the English language, Hamlet again contemplates the subject of suicide, but he does not do so on impulses of emotion. Instead, his contemplation is based on reason. “To be or not to be, that is the question: whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer outrageous fortune…or end them. To die, to sleep- no more- and by a sleep to say we end the heartache…’Tis a consummation devoutly to be wished. For who would bear the whips and scorns of time…who would fardels bear, to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death, the undiscovered country from whose bourn no traveler
In the first place, the opening lines of Hamlet’s soliloquy uncovers his innermost feelings about all the events that are occurring around him. His father’s death and his mother remarrying his uncle, have all impacted him so much that he is thinking about ways to escape this world. “Oh, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt (…), / Or that the Everlasting had not fixed / His canon 'gainst self-slaughter!”
Shakespeare's main character Hamlet is a victim of both internal and external conflict. His conflict includes a physical nature as he goes about to avenge his father's death. Shakespeare translates further the idea of internal versus external conflict by giving it a physical nature. Shakespeare also uses soliloquies to emphasise Hamlets inner thoughts and conflict. This stands in contrast to the way he acts amongst others; with the intention of highlighting the inner turmoil he is experiencing. The infamous quote, "To be or not to be: that is the question: whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer ." (Act III, scene i, 58-90). It is during this soliloquy that
The topic of Hamlet’s soliloquy is his consideration of committing suicide. Throughout the speech, it is obvious that Hamlet is over thinking and wavering between two different extremes: life and death. "Whether 'tis nobler in the
This soliloquy, found in the third act of the play, presents the the question to end all questions for Hamlet - the question of life or death. In many ways, this long-winded and heartfelt speech is the epitome of Hamlet’s neverending questioning and pondering. From the beginning of the play, it is well established that Hamlet is a young man, whose metal has been tempered in the flames of struggles and hardships, and that, much like Sisyphus, he is condemned to face more difficulties in his journey through life. The prince’s famous “to be or not to be" soliloquy is the speech which brings to completion his two former speeches of Acts One and Two, through his anger, passion, and ultimately, his
Hamlet’s first soliloquy comes in act one scene two, as Hamlet reflects on the current state of events. The chief focus of this soliloquy is essentially the rottenness of the king, queen and the world in general. In this passage the reader is introduced to Hamlet pseudo-obsession with death and suicide, which later will become a chief point of indecision. In this particular speech, however, Hamlet is fairly confident. He wishes that his “too too sullied flesh would melt”
In Hamlet’s famous soliloquy, he contemplates for a while whether to commit suicide. Hamlet’s unhappiness is caused by the people around him. His mother’s actions of marrying her brother-in-law made Hamlet extremely frustrated drawing him out of the right mental state. Meanwhile, his view of his father is godlike, but he distrusts the Ghost enough to think about killing himself instead of pursuing the Ghost’s request. In Hamlet’s famous soliloquy, “to be, or not to be;” he contemplates (3.1). “The Everlasting had not fixed, His cannon ‘gainst self-slaughter!” (1.2). He is uncertain if things would be any better in the afterlife if he were to end his life. Hamlet’s hesitancy, especially concerning suicide, is the cause of his realistic and frightened nature. In this situation, his indecisiveness saves his life, but it also does not allow him to find another solution. Concluding, in his soliloquy he would rather
In a following speech Hamlet’s disposition towards the world persists, yet his attitude towards death has undergone a transformation. Previously, Hamlet was quick to proclaim his desire to die, but by the third act he’s become uncertain. This hesitation becomes apparent in Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” speech (3.1.56-90). With those opening words, Hamlet debates whether he should exist or not. The fact that this is still a question for him shows that he continues to be displeased with life. Hamlet asks himself, “Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against a sea of troubles, and by opposing end them? To die to sleep.” This reveals a new concern that Hamlet has, he doesn’t ask what is best for him to do, but rather what is nobler, which makes it apparent that he’s concerned with maintaining his character. Even though he maintains the desire to escape the world and the experience in it, he still cares about the image that he leaves behind. Subsequently, Hamlet uses war-like diction, comparing life to war with “slings and arrows” which makes life intolerable. This just reaffirms the ideas Hamlet has had throughout the play, however, a shift transpires when he mulls over the idea that death is like being asleep. A problem arises when he realizes that even when you sleep you experience, “To sleep; perchance to dream: Ay, there’s the rub.” This could be easily misinterpreted as Hamlet hoping to dream, but perchance
To die, to sleep--/ To sleep,” (lines 5-10). This portion of the soliloquy expresses that Hamlet views death as something full of pleasure, especially with Shakespeare’s use in the word “consummation,” which means to complete, or sex, thus proving Hamlet’s opposition to life because he welcomes death with a pleasurable imagery. Shakespeare’s use of repetition of “to die, to sleep,” throughout this soliloquy expresses Hamlets want for death. “To say we end/ The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks/ That flesh is heir to,” truly depicts the emphasis that Hamlet has on the finality of death and it shows that he wanted it, but it can also convey confusion in Hamlet since he expresses this finality with this descriptive physical imagery. “For who would bear the whips and scorns of time.” (Line 15.) This is a question to mankind that Hamlet asks, but it also conveys his state of mind perfectly because the imagery articulates the pain and torture Hamlet’s character is dealing with since he views life in that way. The beginning of madness, which is another theme in Hamlet, can be represented with this soliloquy due to these feelings that Shakespeare conveys Hamlet of having towards death.
By Hamlet’s third soliloquy he still has not taken action to avenge his father’s death and hates everyone around him, including himself. He begins his soliloquy with the famous line “To be, or not to be?” With this line Hamlet is asking whether is it better to be alive or to be dead. In this soliloquy Hamlet contemplates suicide and discusses the trials of life. He wishes not to have to deal with the hardships of life, but realizes that he is not brave enough to take his own life. Not only is he, like most humans, afraid of the unknown, but he is also afraid of committing a sin and damning his soul. At the end of his third soliloquy Hamlet has yet to do as his father’s ghost told him and Hamlet is still angry with himself for being such a coward.