To be wealthy, one must first be healthy. In most cultures, having good health is considered a boon. However, people often take it for granted, especially with the modern lifestyle in today’s world. In Brunei, citizens are given the privilege of free medication, where they can enjoy all the medical and health benefits. In spite of that, people are easily blinded by these benefits, and may or may not be conscious of their own health. This essay will focus on two of the major concerns, specifically in Brunei, and will further elaborate some of the health issues surrounding them.
One of the major concerns, which may lead to an assortment of health problems, is smoking. It is the leading cause of disease and premature death across the globe, including in Brunei. Known to be extremely dangerous to the human body, smoking is one of the major risk factors in heart disease, stroke, pancreatic cancer, and a variety of other diseases. Citing a report from the Tobacco Control Unit, according to the 2008 statistic, 90 per cent of the lung cancer cases are smokers. The development of such cancer is largely due to the presence of various poisonous chemicals in tobacco smoke, such as tar and arsenic. In addition, smoking also raises blood pressure resulting in hypertension, where in Brunei, hypertension deaths reached approximately 10 per cent of total deaths according to the World Health Organization (WHO) data published in 2011. Although the number of males is more superior in the
People have many desires, among then good health, but there is a lack of resources to provide all things to all people. Some people would consider resources when talking about health care economics; could include good health, education and access to financial means to afford health care costs or insurance premiums. In the presence of this scarcity, someone, or some process, must decide what mixture of goods and services to produce, what quantity of each is to be produced, and how to allocate the production to participate in the economy. Access and use of available resources can impact one health. “Individuals can undertake a variety of actions to achieve their desired level of health, which is constrained by physical factors and is subject to various risks. People’s choices about living location, work, and diet, recreation, over the counter medication, recreational drug use and formal health care can all affect their health status. Perhaps, startlingly, studies of factors that determine health in affluent societies indicate that changes in lifestyle choices and status such as environment, income, education, and cigarette consumption outweigh the contribution of changes in health care services.” (Answers.com, retrieved 4/6/09)
The OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights) and WHO (World Health Organization) have said,“The right to health is relevant to all States: every State has ratified at least one international human rights treaty recognizing the right to health. Moreover, States have committed themselves to protecting this right through international declarations, domestic legislation and policies, and at international conferences” (Shah,2011). Healthcare is the maintenance and improvement of physical and mental health, especially through the provision of medical services. Except for the US, many wealthy nations provided universal health care. Health provision is challenging due to the costs required as well as various social, cultural,
In the community assessment of San Fernando valley part, A, it was mentioned that there are many chronic illnesses such as heart disease, asthma, diabetes and obesity that are caused by poor health management, high cost of healthcare and inadequate knowledge of the disease. One factor that could cause these chronic diseases is the Tobacco usage among adults. According to Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) (2017), Smoking may cause cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, diabetes and COPD which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Nowadays, smoking causes cancers, for example, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, oral cancer, etc. become a common sense. Instead those well-known diseases, there are some researches shown that if women smoke during pregnancy, it would increase the risk of pregnancy complications, premature delivery, low-birth-weight infants and sudden infant death syndrome. Besides, there is a research tells that cigarette smoking might be associated with erectile dysfunctions, which is a big issue in Chinese culture. Related to elderly, a research has shown that smoking is related to nuclear cataracts. Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness. The risk of developing cataracts for smokers is two to three times as nonsmokers (Surgeon General's Report, 2004).
“Where there’s smoke, there’s fire!” Smoking can be very detrimental to one’s health, something about which many of us Saudi smokers are either unaware of or do not care. Furthermore, numerous men in my country use cigarettes, and some of us have smoked from a young age. Smoking can cause many problems for people of any age, even if they do not utilize tobacco themselves.
Health is declared as a basic human right by the universal declaration of human rights in 1948, stating that "everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of oneself and one 's family, including food, clothing, housing, and medical care." Endowment of health is a fundamental good and a moral issue because it provides opportunity to pursue life goals, reduces pain and suffering, prevents premature loss of life, and provides information needed to plan lives (Jacobson and Mathur, 2010). However, it is not later than three decades ago that health is placed high on international agenda. This international agenda has strongly passed on into almost all countries after the report of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, that investing in health leads to economic development. This reports emphasized health as a resource for everyday life and as driver of economy of nation (WHO, 2001).
Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S. The use of tobacco products such as cigars, pipes, hookahs, bidis, and kreteks have proven to develop various health effects. It has been linked to the following medical conditions:
Tobacco is a major contributor to deaths from chronic diseases . Tobacco is the world's single most avoidable cause of death and illness. By the end of the twentieth century, cigarettes killed approximately five million people annually worldwide and tobacco is expected to take the lives of nearly one-half of the world's 1.1 billion current users. It is predicted that during the first quarter century, the number of smokers will increase by a half billion, and the number of annual tobacco-related deaths will more than triple to 10 million, with developing countries suffering the greatest impact. The annual death toll is projected to increase several fold in low income countries by the year 2020, and Pakistan is no exception. Although the Government of Pakistan in 1997 identified smoking as one of the leading causes of mortality, it remains one of the most serious public health challenges.
According to a 2009 survey conducted by DOH (Department of Health) and Philippine Statistics Authority, 28.3 percent of the population are current tobacco smokers. Among nonsmokers, about 46,000 heart disease deaths and 3,400 lung cancer deaths are caused by secondhand smoke each year. Some research suggests that breathing in other people’s smoke may increase the risk of breast cancer and nasal sinus cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, about 250 of the more than 7,000 chemicals in secondhand tobacco smoke are known to be harmful, and about 70 of them cause cancer. Some of the chemicals in this toxic mix are the same things used to make chemical weapons, lighter fluid, pesticides, car batteries, paint thinners and other substances you would never dream of inhaling into your lungs. We have a chance to do something about the harmful effects of secondhand smoke and it’s feasible for our lawmakers to tackle this issue right now because certain measures have been
Since the 1950s, more than 70,000 scientific articles have left no doubt that smoking is an extraordinarily important cause of premature mortality and disability around the world. In populations where cigarette smoking has been common for several decades, about 90% of cases of lung cancer, 15–20% of cases of other cancers, 75% of cases of chronic bronchitis and emphysema and 25% of deaths from cardiovascular diseases in those 35–69 years of age are attributable to tobacco. Studies have shown that half of all long-term smokers will die of a tobacco-related disease and, of these, half will die before the age of 65.
In 2010, about 1 million deaths occurred from smoking, or 10% of all deaths in India, of which about 70% of deaths occurred between the ages of 30 and 69 years4,5 Even low-tar cigarettes and smokeless tobacco have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular events in comparison to nonsmokers34,35. Furthermore, passive smoking (environmental tobacco exposure) with a smoke exposure of about one-hundredth that of active cigarette smoking is associated with approximately a 30% increase in the risk of CAD, as compared to an 80% increase in active smokers36,37
Smoking is one of the dangerous habits that people perform in their lives. This habit affects the health and causes several diseases, such as lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease (Institute of
Because of secondhand smoke, about 3,000 adults who do not smoke die of lung cancer each year. Research even proves that secondhand smoke possibly heightens the chances of breast cancer, nasal sinus cavity cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer in grownups [National Cancer Institute]. Also, the chances of leukemia, lymphoma, and brain tumors in adolescents are heightened. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. National Toxicology Program, the U.S. Surgeon General, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer have all classifies secondhand smoke as a known human carcinogen. Carcinogens are the causes of cancer. Adolescents subject to secondhand smoke have also have heightened chances of sudden infant death syndrome, ear infections, colds, pneumonia, bronchitis, and extreme asthma [National Institutes of Health]. Besides those health effects, another concerning matter of secondhand smoke is heart disease. The American Heart Associations prove that although most people believe that smoking only affects your lungs, being subject to secondhand smoke practically doubled the chances of a heart attack. “Short exposures to secondhand smoke can cause blood platelets to become stickier, damages the lining of blood vessels, and decrease coronary flow velocity reserves. These are all mechanisms that may increase the risk of a heart attack” [American Heart Association]. People who do not smoke and are around smoke at home or at work heighten
SURGEONS GENERAL WARNING: Causes lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema, and may complicate pregnancy. Who would buy something, which such a statement printed right on the box? 20% of the world’s population would. That’s 1 billion people if you forgot your calculator at home. In the world tobacco is one of the most commonly used drugs. 7 million people a year die because of it. You don’t even have to use it to be affected by it. The causes and effects of smoking tobacco will be analyzed throughout this paper.
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Smoking cigarettes can do very fatal damages human health (Bender 17). There are over fifty ways of making life miserable through smoking due to illnesses, and more than twenty ways of killing a person (“Action on Smoking and Health” 1). The probability that someone who smokes will develop a major complication in their health is one hundred percent; no matter what, it will happen (Bender 33). Smoking cigarettes or any other drug is the major cause of lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. These contributions can lead to other types of cancers, birth defects, and childhood respiratory illnesses (Bender 17-19). Along with these major health