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Herpes Zoster Essay

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Discuss the presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnoses, treatment modalities, and patient education of herpes zoster. Herpes zoster, or shingles, is a viral infection that results in vesicular lesions on skin, which are typically limited to one side of the body following one body dermatome (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2015). Herpes zoster is caused by reactivation of the chickenpox, or varicella-zoster virus. Once an individual is exposed to this virus, it can remain in the dormant or latent phase for decades. The virus attaches to the dorsal root ganglia and typically recurs when the body is in a weakened state. It is estimated that as much as 10-20% of the world's population will experience …show more content…

Signs and symptoms to evaluate include, itching, burning, and tingling, as well as the tract of pain sensations. A complete physical examination and review of vital signs would be completed. Further diagnostic criteria include review of all underlying health conditions, paying particular attention to any diseases leading to immunosuppression, and all current medications (Cash & Glass, 2014). Diagnosis is typically completed based upon presentation and Laboratory conformation is not required, however viral cultures can confirm the diagnosis in cases of unusual presentation (Ferri, …show more content…

Unfortunately, current statistics reveal that less than 8% of potential candidates receive this vaccine. Zostavax as a one-time dose for those previously exposed as a two-dose regime for those never exposed to Varicella (Lexi-Comp, Inc, 2016). This vaccine can reduce the severity and duration of attacks by greater than 60% (Lexi-Comp, Inc, 2016). During a time of outbreak, cool compresses of Burow's solution can remove crusts and ease pain. Oral anti-viral agents should be initiated within 48 hours of rash. There are several choices in this category, including (Lexi-Comp, Inc, 2016)
• Valacyclovir 1000mg tid x 7 days
• Famciclovir 500mg tid x 7 days
• Acyclovir 800mg 5 times daily for 7-10 days (Lexi-Comp, Inc, 2016)
In addition, consideration should be given to corticosteroids, especially in the elderly population. This would be given at 40mg qd, with a taper of 5mg qd. Postherpatic neuralgia can be treated with medications such a gabapentin, lidocaine 5% patch, or topically with capsaicin

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