Essay on History of Roman Citizenship

The War with Veii played a significant role in the expansion of the Roman Empire. The war, which ended in 410 B.C., set in motion an entirely different Roman army. No longer was the army a volunteer militia, instead it became a paying and contractual organization. The “Roman victory brought an end to Rome’s most threatening neighbor and began its rise to prominence in the central Italian peninsula” (www.warandgameinfo.com).

The Social War was a significant event that occured between the years 90-88 BCE. The war started because of an issue with the smaller Italian communities outside of the city of Rome. The smaller communities were upset that upper-class Roman officials would not allow them to be Roman citizens, which meant they did not have the full rights

In 753 B.C.E the mythical brothers, Romulus and Remus, founded Rome on the River Tiber. Initially controlled by the Etruscans, this city state would gain independence from monarchist rule in 509 B.C.E. Through continual wars the Romans would gain control of the Italian peninsula and would finally fight a war against the Carthaginians for supremacy of the western Mediterranean. Through the strengths of its legions Rome would eventually dominate the social and political landscape of the Mediterranean by the second century B.C.E. that would ultimately create social upheaval and power struggles. In the first century B.C.E. powerful individuals had wreaked havoc and bloodshed across the extent of the vast area. Controlled by the city of Rome and

To serve in the Roman military the requirement was to be property owner and since many of these property owners had left to fight, the agricultural economy began to decline for the Romans. Most of these farmer/solders did not come back leaving the land to be owned by the Senators. The Gracchi brothers, who were sons of Cornelia who was the daughter of Scipio, took it upon themselves to distribute public land to poorer plebeians. The Senators didn’t like this at all since they were greedy and saw this land as their own. The Senators devised a mob and killed Tiberius Gracchi and hundreds of his supporters in response. When is younger brother, Gaius was elected tribune he also tried to pass reforms to take land once again from the Senators and

In James Buck essay, “citizenship and Military Service: The Quest for inclusion by Minorities and conscientious Objectors”, he discusses why every citizen in this our liberal democracies should be given equal status and recognitions in our political communities. He makes his analysis by comparing the various researches other social and political scientist have made about citizenship in the eighteenth centuries and how political inequalities have limited or change the realization of equal claim of citizenship. He also emphasizes that citizenship is not about the wealth or the amount of power one has, but it’s rather the respect and recognitions from our fellow citizen. He supports his argument with Max Weber studies that “the subject of class, power and status are relatively independent dimensions of ones standing in society”. He also discusses the “changes in

During the early period of the Roman Empire, there was a significant divide between the citizens who were native to Italy, particularly from Rome itself and citizens whose families traced their origins to more far-flung regions of the empire (Harrington, Jan.-May 2013). In contrast, political power had moved to areas nearer to imperial borders by the third and fourth centuries demonstrating the idea of what a true “Roman” was had widened to accept the peoples who lived in these areas not just as citizens but as part of the upper tier of society.

The series of wars in response to Pyrrhus’ invasion and the rebellion of Italian tribes would ultimately lead to the unification of the Republic on the peninsula, as well as secure a period of reprieve from foreign invasion forces. The recently defeated Samnite tribe in central Italy resented Roman control and when tensions between the Tarentines and Romans escalated, they would play a major role in the civil unrest and eventual war. The Romans decision to develop a navy was met with harsh and immediate response from Tarentum, who also called upon King Pyrrhus of Epirus to help them engage the Roman forces. Despite his superb and fairly large invasion force, the

The Western Roman Empire was plagued with violence and warfare, both before Medieval Italy, and well after. Medieval Italy was created through warfare, and although these violence outbreaks are most prominently displayed by wars and battles, much of the violence occurred within the community in the form of protests, riots, and political outbreaks. Each political outbreak, violence, and treaties brought newfound rule and therefore a new influence on life during this era. This research essay will discuss the numerous wars throughout Middle Ages, political shirts, and their results, with the overall topic determining how each impacted and influenced the era.

Julius Caesar took control of the government of Rome in 48 B.C.,before Julius Caesar the Roman Empire was ruled by two consuls who were elected by the citizens of Rome not the Emperor. In the republic there were three classes during this time the patricians ,plebeians ,and the slaves. Since patricians were citizens of the upper class they could vote,plebeians were also citizens and could also vote but unlike the patricians they had to do their own work rather than have a slave do it for them.Slaves weren't considered citizens ,they couldn't vote, weren't allowed to have money and weren't allowed freedom either. Women also were unable to vote. They also had magistrates who kept law and order, when they retired they became senators.Caesar became

The wars of conquest ultimately created grave political difficulties for the Romans. When the soldiers returned home, they discovered their farms virtually in ruins. Rome was also separating into two political groups, both of which coveted political power.

At first, Rome was governed by kings. As time went by, Rome developed a Republic, where everybody governs themselves, but that is not always true. Some people were not allowed to vote. Not everybody has the right to be a citizen. The people made an assembly, and tribunes were elected to govern the poor.

Customarily, the extension of citizenship (with every one of its rights, benefits, and obligations) was looked upon contrarily by Sallust, Gibbon, and others of their schools, since it brought about inward disagreement, question with Rome's Italian partners, slave revolts, and mobs. Be that as it may, different researchers have contended that as the Republic was intended to be res publica—the fundamental thing of the general population—poor people and disappointed can not be reprimanded for attempting to review their authentic and lawful grievances.

For the first few centuries of its existence, Rome was a small city state and most of its conflicts were confined to small engagements with opposing villages. The idea Roman Citizen was a

About 500BCE a new idea was introduced that would change the way people lived. This idea had the power to shape an empire; an empire like Athens whose system of citizenship was limited but also so great due to it being based off of citizen responsibility, and allowing its people to uphold their government. Although most people would argue that Rome had a better system, many don’t look at the issues that could be caused within such a large empire that is so lenient on giving their people citizenship, exempting slaves.

Civil citizenship and social citizenship are two aspects of the same theory i.e. social welfare. They appear to be the forces which if managed well, will keep the society in balance ensuring the rights of every citizen are respected and provided by the state and other institutions. However, today's American society is more prone to viewing civil citizenship as more reputable attribute guaranteeing prestige and status in society whereas social citizenship is perceived as stigmatic and abhorrent. Although American society bears all the elements required for social citizenship in its foundation however the dominance provided to civil citizenship has changed the outlook of American society in past few centuries. Since civil citizenship ensures that the state and the citizen are involved in equilateral contract, therefore it is considered to guarantee esteem whereas social citizenship is synonymous to unilateral contract where the state is offering necessary services without receiving anything in return; this ideology demeans the stature of social citizenship.