Circe
After Odysseus’ flea from the island of the Cyclopes he docks his vessel on the island of Aeolus, who is the God of Winds. Aeolus provides Odysseus with a sack of wind rapidly delivering him to his home. However, Odysseus’ crew assumes the sack of winds contains treasures and they rip the bag wide open, releasing the wind. Odysseus and his crew are thrusted back to the island of Circe and the God Circe transforms the men into pigs. When Odysseus begins to search for his men the God Hermes approaches and provides him with a herb that will deflect Circe’s altering abilities. Consequently, after Odysseus overcomes Circe, she offers him
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Odysseus requests information from Tiresias regarding his destiny. In return, Teiresias describes his homebound journey and guides him through the upcoming obstacles. Teiresias forewarns Odysseus to avoid Helios’ cattle for they would cause havoc upon his crew. Additionally, Tiresias describes the method to diminish Poseidon’s grudge on Odysseus.
In the Land of the Dead Odysseus shows respect to the Gods as he honors the prophet Teiresias in his forbidden home. Odysseus digs a trench and sacrifices a lamb to summon Teiresias and ask him about his future. “... I swore to sacrifice a black lamb, handsomest of all our flock” (1: 588-589). This quote demonstrates how Odysseus was thoughtful and respectful with his sacrifice to Teiresias’ demands in the Land of the Dead.
Epithets- “....Odysseus, master of landways and seaways…” (1: 610). This is an epithet because it adds on to Odysseus' name and additionally describes Odysseus’
The narration of this chapter is full of powerful words describing him as the master of craft and battle, which is very similar to the way his legacy would describe him. At one point he calls upon the God Apollo to give him glory. This is very interesting because he is the God of archery, and his arrows are a metaphor for death and misery. Odysseus is brimming with pride, and vengeance, and seems to have forgotten his lessons, because these are the vices that brought him and his men misery during their time at sea. The targets that he speaks of, is of course the suitors he aims to kill, but as well it is the reclaiming of his power, his kingdom, his wife, or in other words his life.
While being taunted by the suitors Odysseus kept his composure, the best choice for protecting his family. Odysseus also sees some of the servants sneak off to have sex with the suitors. He “was stirred by this, and much he pondered in the division of mind and spirit, whether to spring on them and kill each one, or rather to let them lie this one more time with the insolent suitors, for the last and latest time; but the heart was growling within him".(homer,20,9-13) The personification of his growling heart depicts how very angry Odysseus is. He could have unveiled himself then and attempted to kill the suitors and punish them, as well as prove his strength. Instead he waits for a better moment so that he does not risk the lives of his son and wife only to demonstrate his superiority, a mistake he made previously when calling out his name to the cyclops. Odysseus also realizes more about himself while on the journey. He makes the realization that he is no god, only a mere mortal whose imperfect decisions can often put other people at risk. Odysseus and his crew had been trapped by the cyclops due to his own
After two more stops Odysseus proves again that he is a real hero by out smarting the Cyclops and escaping the giant Laestrygonians. However, even hero's can't win all of the time and he losses many of his men to the Cyclops and the cannibal Laestrygonians. By the time he arrives at Circe's island his ship is the only ship left. Odysseus, being more cautious now, sends a group of men ahead to check out her house. The men called to Circe, and she came out of the house. She invited them in to share a meal. Unfortunately for them, Circe had mixed a magical drug into their food. This drug caused them to forget their native land, and turned
The wanderings of Odysseus that were told to King Alkinoos in books IX to XII in the epic poem The Odyssey, help reveal that Odysseus is clever, easily tempted and not trustworthy. Odysseus and all of his men were trapped in the cave of Polyphemus and there was no way out. So, Odysseus came up with the clever plan of drugging the Cyclops with the gift of wine, which caused him to pass out, but before the giant Cyclops passed out, he asked for Odysseus’ name. Being the clever man he is, Odysseus told him that his “name is Nohbdy: mother, father, and friends, everyone calls me Nohdy” (9.397-398) .Odysseus then took action and got help from his men to sharpen and smooth a wooden stake. Then Odysseus “hewed again to make a stake with a pointed end”
Essentially, Tiresias informed Odysseus that Plan A was that if he didn’t mess up on the island of Thrinica, he and his men would make it home Plan B came into the picture if he or his men messed with the cattle of the sun god, Helios on that island. In this case, all of the men would die, the situation for Odysseus’s family in Ithaca would become awful, he would have to suffer all the way home, and then when he finally made it home he would have to clean up the mess and then make a voyage to a place where the people had never seen a sailor or eaten salted meat. By delivering this message to him, Tiresias provided supernatural guidance for Odysseus on his journey home. One of the final major mentors of Odysseus was Circe, the witch goddess on the island of Aeaea. After informing Odysseus of the journey he would have to make to Hades, the men went and then returned. On this occurrence, Circe provided more aide and advice. Odysseus later said to his men, “Circe foresaw for us and shared with me, so let me tell her forecast…” (Odyssey 687-688). Here, he reveals that information was provided to him from Circe. Circe provided Odysseus with advice on getting through the island of the Sirens and then also for navigating the natural
Odysseus is a king of Ithaca who ruled the Kephallenians. Odysseus’ name usually means “to cause pain” or “to bear a grudge against.” Odysseus was the son of Laertes and Anticlea. Odysseus is also married to Penelope and has a son named Telemachus.
Thus, Poseidon creates many hardships that Odysseus will have to encounter on his journey home. Another example is when Odysseus and his crew go to Helios’ island.
In literature, mankind is often seen as imperfect and flawed. From sacred texts like the Bible to classic books such as The Odyssey we can see the true flaws of humans. Specifically book twelve of The Odyssey shows the flawed nature of mankind and how it leads to mankind's downfall. Circe, the goddess that Odysseus encounters during his initially half hearted journey home, gives advice to Odysseus about the dangers ahead and what he should do in order to get past them. Despite the advice given to him by a goddess, Odysseus "cleared [his] mind of Circe's orders..." because they were "cramping [his] style..."
Similar in consequence, Odysseus’ boasts and taunts towards the Cyclops ultimately causes the delay of his journey home. Odysseus announces to the Cyclops that “Odysseus, raider of cities… gouged out (the Cyclops’) eye” (9.560-561). After that, the Cyclops goes to his father Poseidon and wishes Odysseus would, “come home late and come a broken man- all shipmates lost” (9.592-593). Odysseus may have never been cursed by Poseidon if he did not boastfully proclaim his name to the Cyclops. Therefore, the decisions Odysseus makes out of pride cause him and others to suffer
In the poem The Odyssey by Homer, Odysseus, the main character, travels away from his home and finds himself in a situation that prevents him from going back for a long period of time. During the times of trouble, Odysseus reveals characteristics about himself that might otherwise have been hidden if it were not for the journey. This defines his character and shows him to be not an admirable hero. Odysseus first shows this when he successfully escapes from the Cyclops’s home but made a drastic mistake and says: ‘O Cyclops! Would you feast on my companions?
Some of his men leave to go hunt. One man comes back and says that the rest of his men have turned into pigs. Odysseus goes to look for them when he comes across Hermes. He warns him about Circe’s power and gives him something to repel her abilities. Once he goes and sees the Goddess, she tries to turn him into an animal. Her powers fail. She seems to be attracted to him and forces him to sleep with her. In return, she would release his men. But Odysseus doesn’t know the full extent of Circe’s power. What has seemed only a night, was actually five years. He has been “captive” on that island for five years. After he tells Circe that he needs to go home to his wife and son, she is enraged and sends him to Hades. In Hades finds out that his mother is dead, and that trouble awaits him when he gets
They then land on the isle Aeaea, the remaining 45 that is after the massacre with the Laistrygonian cannibalistic giants, where they then divide into two groups to search the island. The first group, having run into Circe, the goddess of Sorcery, are turned into pigs, and are then saved by Odysseus, who then receives information from the goddess about how he may safely return home. After returning to Circe from the Hades, the land of the dead, Odysseus is warned by her about the trials ahead and how that he would suffer to pass through the land of the sirens. After passing through the land of the sirens, Odysseus’ ship sails through wild and untamed seas nearly sinking, though eventually sailing
At this point, a brief summary of the events leading to Odysseus' underworld experience is in order. The hero and his crew make landfall on an island ruled by the Sorceress, Circe. According to several traditions, she is daughter to Helios, the sun god. When encountered by an advance party commanded by Eurylokhos, Circe transforms all the men into pigs by means of a powerful drug insinuated into food and drink. Eurylokhos escapes this fate and is able to warn Odysseus. Hermes then descends to instruct Odysseus in how to overcome the witch. It is curious that, instead of displaying his power to nullify Circe's magic, Hermes arms Odysseus with a sprig of a plant called moly. Evidently, the aura of herbalism was such that only more herbalism could compete. Having rendered the sorceress helpless, Odysseus is persuaded by her to remain on the island for a full year. At year's end, Circe advises the hero to journey to Hades in order that he may learn from the shade of the blind prophet, Tiresias, how a
Odysseus’ arrogance furthers his misfortune, since Polyphemos is Poseidon’s son. Polyphemos proceeds to ask his father to never allow Odysseus to return and if Odysseus returns home that it be well over due and without his crew; Poseidon obliges. In this instance, Poseidon’s wrath against Odysseus is solely Odysseus fault. Had Odysseus not told the Cyclops his name, he would not have been deemed the ill fate that he was. With one brash decision, Odysseus cedes control of his fate to Polyphemos and then Poseidon. Here, Odysseus’ stupidity shows that mortals possess a significant degree of control over their fate. After being released from Circe’s island, Odysseus follows her advice and ventures to the underworld to speak with the lauded prophet Tiresias. While Tiresias is not a god, he is not a mortal. This, along with his knowledge of Odysseus’ desire to return home and Poseidon’s anger towards Odysseus, allows Odysseus to trust him. Upon speaking with Tiresias, he learns that,
With this loyalty Odysseus maintains the courage of a true leader through the perils of his journey. His name alone is given to him to show us, the readers right from the start of the book his will. Odysseus comes from the Greek meaning to be at odds with, very much like Odysseus is through his voyage. In the beginning we also hear about the scar that Odysseus bears, which was given to him to him at the young age of 12, when he was rammed in the process of killing a wild Bohr. This again showing us that even at an early age in his life it was not easy, and that he will endure wounds in his life.