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How Does Tim O Brien Use Ethos In The Things They Carried

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Tim O’Brien, in his novel, The Things They Carried, includes the chapter “Notes” in order to clarify what occurred the night Kiowa died. O’Brien uses pathos to appeal to emotions in order to create a compassionate tone to influence the way the reader perceives the Kiowa died. At the end of the chapter, O’Brien reveals that “Norman did not freeze up or lose the Silver Star for valor…That part of the story is my own” (O’Brien 154); when explaining the event in the previous chapter, he uses Norman as a character to replace Tim, the one actually with Kiowa the night he died. The chapter does not initially state that Tim froze and could not save Kiowa, and O’Brien does this to attempt to remove some of Tim’s guilt and shift the blame; telling the

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