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How Energy Plays A Vital Role As A Catalyst For Economic Growth And High Standard Of Living

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Introduction Energy plays a vital role as a catalyst for economic growth and high standard of living. It is a fundamental input for all sectors, fuelling transport and providing electricity to industry, commerce, and agriculture. Yet access to energy remains an elusive goal for approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide (International Energy Agency, 2009). Given energy’s importance in promoting economic growth, governments tend to assist the energy industry through policies that support research and development, provide low interest loans, and deliver subsidies to producers and or consumers. The Global Subsidies Initiative estimated that global subsidies to fossil fuel producers were approximately $100 billion in 2009 (Global Subsidies Initiative, 2009). Coady et al. (2010) estimated that consumer subsidies for petroleum products amounted to $57 billion, globally, in 2003, $519 billion in 2008, and $136 billion in 2009. Subsidies often reduce production costs, make energy affordable to consumers, and encourage development of new supply sources. Policies involving subsidies often have intended goals to address market failures or respond to social and distributional objectives. According to Komives et al. (2007), government support in the form of a subsidy can be critical for ensuring access to modern energy services, including electricity for the poorest, thereby enhancing societal welfare. Although these support programs are used to improve the standard of living for various

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