How Poliomyelitis Is A Contagious And Aggressive Virus

Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis. Poliomyelitis is a disease caused by infection with the poliovirus. The virus spreads by direct person to person contact. For example contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth. Some symptoms are sore throat, fever, tiredness, nausea, headache, and stomach pain. The virus enters through the mouth and nose. It multiplies in the throat and intestinal tracts and then is absorbed and spread through the blood and lymph system. The time from being infected with the virus to developing symptoms of disease can range from 5 - 35 days.

Poliomyelitis, also called “infantile paralysis” (Swanson 1), is a virus that has been around for over 3,000 years, but had troubled scientists right up until the early 1900s when they had the resources to fully research it. This virus is part of the enterovirus division, meaning it attacks through oral ingestion and gains access to the body along the gastrointestinal tract (the tract that leads from the mouth to the anus). From the G.I. tract, it then enters the blood, through which it travels to and attacks the nervous system. Once the virus fully destroys a neuron, the neuron then cannot regenerate and therefore ends the connection between the other neurons around it. This left the infected hosts with twisted limbs, extreme muscle pain and spasms, and, in extremely severe cases, the inability to perform vital life functions. Polio can be classified into three different types, depending on which part of the nervous system it decides to attack. Spinal Poliomyelitis was the most

This is when viremia will occur and the virus will begin to spread. If it does not reach the central nervous system then the patient will only have abortive poliomyelitis. They will have some flu like symptoms and experience a full recovery. As the virus goes further, one may become stricken with aseptic meningitis. This polio is considered non-paralytic, has the same symptoms as abortive poliomyelitis, and irritates the meninges. This causes back and neck pain and stiffness but has a full recovery. The worst case scenario is paralytic poliomyelitis. This occurs when the virus begins replicating in the brain stem and anterior horn causing cell destruction and neurological damage in the form of paralysis. This is very rare and occurs in less than 2% of infections. While paralysis of the legs is most common, it can affect the arms, or worse, spread to the trunk. When the legs are affected, the patient is fitted with braces to help with recovery (Figure 1) If it continues and reaches bulbar polio, the brain stem becomes paralyzed and generally the patient will die from asphyxiation. (Flynn) Almost 15 years later the iron lung was invented to help people at this stage survive, but currently, there was nothing they could do.

Poliovirus in the nervous system leads to paralytic polio—the most devastating form of the disease. The onset of paralysis can be rapid, but the severity depends on the number of neurons affected. There is no cure for the disease, and victims may be left with permanent consequences from their illness. Post-polio syndrome may affect polio survivors, even those with benign initial manifestations, years after recovery from their initial insult. Although rarely life-threatening, post-polio syndrome results in weakening of previously affected muscles causing significant interference with the individual's ability to function independently.

Scientists have been trying to determine what caused the polio-like paralysis that first started with cold like symptoms. In an updated article in the San Francisco Chronicle, 2/27/2014, scientists believe there is a link with the virus Enterovirus D68 but the evidence is circumstantial. More research needs to be done to determine if the new strains of the old virus is causing polio-like paralysis in children (Allday, 2017). The CDC has reported this outbreak has occurred in more than 40 states and at least 200 cases reported. Research is finding the D68 enterovirus is related to the virus that causes unexplained paralysis in arms and legs. Researchers believe that once the enteroviruses move outside the gut or airways it can then go after the nerve cells in the spine that control

Polio is a small RNA virus that has three different types of polio (Type 1,2, and 3. Polio spreads from direct contact and sometime through contaminated food or water. Polio only infects humans. Type 1 polio is responsible for 85% of all polio victims.The polio virus can travel in your

During the 1940s and 1950s, iron-lungs supported breathing, allowing time for patients to recover from their infection, but sometimes the nerve-damage and paralysis were permanent. Hundreds of thousands of people used to catch polio every year with one in 200 infections leading to irreversible paralysis and 5 to 10% of these people dying when their breathing muscles become immobilized. Polio still cannot be cured but it can be prevented by vaccination. Thanks to vaccination, polio cases have decreased by over 99% since 1988, from an estimated 350,000 cases then, to 416 reported cases worldwide in 2013. The reduction is the result of the global effort to eradicate the disease. More than 10 million people are walking today, who would otherwise

One of the cornerstones of global polio eradication efforts being spearheaded by the Global polio eradication initiative (GPEI) is clinical surveillance for suspected polio cases, or acute flaccid paralysis cases, with clinical confirmation of wild type virus infection by analysis of fecal specimen

The incubation period for poliomyelitis is usually 6 to 20 days with a range of 3 to 35 days (Paul, 1971). The response to poliovirus infection is highly variable and has been categorized on the basis of the severity of clinical presentation. Up to 99% of all polio infections are inapparent or asymptomatic. Estimates of the ratio of inapparent to paralytic illness vary from 50:1 to 1,000:1 (usually 200:1). Infected persons without symptoms shed virus in the stool and are able to transmit the virus to others (Diop et al., 2014).

Polio is being prevented through the usage of immunisations. In the 1950s American researcher, Jonas Salk discovered that the poliovirus could be inactivated by using the chemical formaldehyde. He used this information to create a vaccine. This vaccine was tested in 1954 using hundreds of thousands of children. One batch of this vaccine hadn’t been made properly and several became sick or died. When the manufacture had improved, the vaccine was able to reduce the amount of polio cases. Polish-American doctor, Albert Sabin tested an alternate vaccine which used weakened viruses. This vaccine could be taken by mouth rather than being taken by injection. This version of the vaccine was cheaper

Contamination from poliomyelitis is spread through contact with somebody who as of now has the ailment or as an aftereffect of poor sanitation where human waste items taint others. The mouth is the typical pathway of the infection, which then enters the blood framework. Loss of motion generally to the arms and legs happens from sores to the focal sensory system. These sores happen when the polio infections start to attack the focal sensory system.

Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 90% to 95% of infections cause no symptoms.[1] Another 5 to 10% of people have minor symptoms such as: fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, neck stiffness and pains in the arms and legs.[1][2] These people are usually back to normal within one or two weeks. In about 0.5% of cases there is muscle weakness resulting in an inability to move.[1] This can occur over a few hours to few days.[1][2] The weakness most often involves the legs but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head, neck and diaphragm. Many but not all people fully recover. In those with muscle weakness about 2% to 5% of children and 15% to 30% of adults

What is Poliomyelitis or better known as polio? This is a question you are Probably asking, well it's a very rare disease caused by a virus that attacks the nervous system, and can cause paralysis in the affected person. There are three types of polio there is Sub-clinical, Non-paralytic, and Paralytic. There is also something called Post- polio

Polio is virus infection that occurs in the throat and intestines through environmental contaminations such as water by stool and feces [7]. The virus in most cases occurs in children aged five and under and leads to the invasion of the nervous system which can cause irreversible paralysis [12]. In 1988 a proposal called Global Polio Eradication Initiative was put forward by the World Health Assembly to eradicate the disease which included partners such as “WHO, Rotary International, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), UNICEF, and supported by key partners including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation” [12]. Since this proposal, cases of polio have dropped from 350,000 yearly to a global low of 223 cases in 2012 [1, 7]. Since 2012 “only parts of three countries in the world remain endemic for the disease–the smallest geographic area in history” [12]. However, with only one percent of the world infected with polio, it reappeared in countries and cases increased by seventy percent [1]. Canadians should not take the matter lightly because the course of the disease can change quickly. In an interview

In case 4, eliminating polio in Latin America and the Caribbean, polio, one of the most infectious diseases, paralyzed thousands of children every year worldwide before the oral polio vaccine was introduce in 1977. As polio intestinal virus paralysis by invading the central nervous system, the virus exponentially widespread with a series of polio outbreaks up to 15,000 cases and 1750 deaths each year in Latin America and the Caribbean. In 1985, Pan American Health organization (PAHO) began a polio eradication campaign in the region for routine immunization by Expanded Programme on Immunization. The program had two crucial objectives: mobilizing financial and social commitments in the region and organizing managerial surveillance to carry out immunization in each country. In a vertical way to set immunization strategies, diverse international organizations such as UNICEF and USAID coordinated Inter-Agency Committee (ICC) for a five-year National Plan of Action. To increase immunization coverage in areas with weak routine health services, all endemic countries in the region performed national vaccine days twice a year to immunize every child under 5. The campaign tackled the disease with house-to-house vaccination in communities reporting polio cases and with low coverage. An extensive surveillance system also helped to track the polio outbreaks with investigating each suspected case within 48 hours. Today polio has been eliminated with continuous monitoring and regional