1.2 Aims
According to the flat plate collectors that were install on houses in Cyprus, the aim of this investigate project is to produce several different ideas of how the water temperature will be increased when it exiting a pipe of the collector. Also some tests will be made in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to come across with the best idea and an efficiency curve will be generated.
1.3 Objectives To learn how to use Solidworks in 3D To understand and find out how Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code(ANSYS/Fluent) works To understand the theory of solar thermal collectors To develop the heat losses and the efficiency of each modified pipe
1.4 Project Methodology
From the mentioned aim, to plot an efficiency curve of a modified flat plate collector pipe some steps should be made to achieve the aim: Review and analyse the existing technology, R&D specifications and new trends from reading journals, websites and text books
Find several modification ideas of flat plate collector pipes of how the temperature of water will rise more easily in a single pipe
The ideas will be incorporated into design using Solidworks (Soliworks student edition 2014)
Test the modified pipes using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code (ANSYS/Fluent)
Find the difference of the input temperature and the output temperature of each modified pipe
Table will made to compare the temperature differences of each pipe and discuss which design modification produces the
13. Calculate the change in temperature for the water caused by the addition of the aluminum by subtracting the initial temperature of the water from the
Home pipes, business pipes, and professional pipes are common career pathways for accredited professionals. A thermostat on the heater keeps the temperature you choose by switching the system heating components on and off as needed.
Abstract: This experiment introduced the student to lab techniques and measurements. It started with measuring length. An example of this would be the length of a nickel, which is 2cm. The next part of the experiment was measuring temperature. I found that water boils around 95ºC at 6600ft. Ice also has a significant effect on the temperature of water from the tap. Ice dropped the temperature about 15ºC. Volumetric measurements were the basis of the 3rd part of the experiment. It was displayed during this experiment that a pipet holds about 4mL and that there are approximately 27 drops/mL from a short stem pipet. Part 4 introduced the student to measuring
of it. Based on my training and experience I know this type of pipe to be
13. Calculate the change in temperature for the water caused by the addition of the aluminum by subtracting the initial temperature of the water from the
Another assumption we used was amid the calculation of the current pipeline amongst D and E. It was demonstrated that there was a prerequisite to convey an extra stream, and accordingly a new pipeline (looped) was required. A diameter was to be assumed for the new parallel pipeline. After two unsuccessful attempts with diameters of 0.3 m and 0.35 m, our third diameter of 0.38 m, successfully carried the additional flow rate of
Firstly, connect WL 110.04 to GUNT Heat Exchanger Service Unit WL 110 with correct piping. For this experiment, jacket water with batch mode is selected for heating. Later, start GUNT WL 110 software with a computer and set up data logging with the correct mode of operation and parameters. Temperature of hot water supplied is set to 70 °C with TI C7 controller. Next, switch on the heater and pump for hot water to flow through the jacket. Hot water flow rate is set to 1.6 l min-1 by adjusting valve V1. Then, weigh and record approximately
A room temperature bath and an ice bath were prepared. The ice bath was set to be approximately 12°C while the room temp bath was set to be 21° C.
4. Remelt the contents of the tube and add the counterpart component based on the given schedule. Ask the demonstrator to adjust the cooling water between mixtures. During the experiment, record and plot the data obtained for all mixtures listed. The experiments are stopped as follows:
This can be easily done by tracing the arrows on the pipe backwards. The arrows show the direction of the flow and you will follow the arrows backwards until you come to a valve. When you arrive at the valve you will rotate the handle in a clockwise motion until tight. The next step for the service member is to determine if the damage meets the criteria for repair with the EWARP. The EWARP should not be used on pipes that are operating above 150 PSI (pounds per square inch). The PSI can be easily located along the pipe in bold black block lettering. Next the service member will determine the operating temperature of the damaged pipe. The temperature can be found by following the pipe to the source valve or pump where a thermometer can be easily read. The piping needs to be operating at a temperature of less than 300 degrees Fahrenheit. EWARP should also not be used on potable water lines or lines used for the transfer of fuel systems. The contents of the pipe can be determined by the color of the pipe or the color of the pipes valve. The following chart can be used determine pipe
where A2 is the cross-sectional area of the throat, C is the coefficient of discharge (dimensionless), gc is the dimensional constant, Q is the volumetric rate of discharge measured at upstream pressure and temperature, w is the weight rate of discharge, p1 and p2 are the pressures at upstream and downstream static pressure taps, respectively, Y is a dimensionless expansion factor, β is the ratio of the throat diameter to pipe
(PFMA) Increased competition has lead to greater effort for developing new products in order to meet customers demand. Therefore a lot of money has been put into Research and Development strategies, stimulating technical progress in this industry. (Mars, 2003)
Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junctions of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current. Such an instrument is also called a Peltier device, Peltier heat pump, solid state refrigerator, or thermoelectric cooler (TEC). It can be used either for heating or for cooling, although in practice the main application is cooling. It can also be used as a temperature controller that either heats or cools.
To achieve this, the final value from each thermocouple was set to be equal to the warm water bath temperature (370C), and the initial reading was set equal to the ice water bath temperature. Thus, for each thermocouple an equation was obtained using the two points to convert voltage readings to temperature. An example of the calibration for one of the thermocouples is shown in Appendix II.
Exhaust steam from the steam turbine is separated into two streams. One stream flows into a water cooled surface condenser while the other is directed to an air-cooled condenser. The heated cooling water is cooled as it flows through a cooling tower, where air is forced through the tower by mechanical or natural draft.