Before one can establish a morally permissible approach to creating an artificial human-like intelligence, the origin of human consciousness must be determined in order to find a viable method of recreation. It would then become evident that problem of morality in conscious machines lies not in the method of its construction, as it is the necessary means to an end, but the act of creation itself as well as the "upbringing" of the machine comparable to that of a human being.
Prior to the development of consciousness, according to Julian Jaynes, was the structure known as the bicameral mind. He argued that the cognitive function of a human being was vastly different before the end of the second millennium bc: the right hemisphere was responsible
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However, this influence was significantly weakened when written language was employed, as it signified the translation of a language into alternative sensual experiences that are easier to control. Secondly, the divine attribute of the auditory hallucinations were naturally associated with the concept of deities. Although that worked in smaller settlements where all residents shared the same pantheon, the incorporation of a number of such settlements into a civilization later would have to deal with potentially conflicting pantheons. Lastly, being controlled by the bicameral mind and acting in a manner that directly reflects one's mental activities lacks the evolutionary advantages of deceit, a concept impossible for the bicameral mind. Acting out on anything and everything as soon as the bicameral mind utters it can be quite lethal in a time when morality hasn't antagonized murder. This part of Jaynes' theory has been carefully developed with an abundance of psychological and neurological background, but the next pivotal step towards consciousness and …show more content…
This leaves people with a practical limitation: what we call consciousness would have to derive from within the human cognitive functions. Arthur Koestler has boiled the process of creation down to a mechanical system he termed "bisociation", in which two previously unrelated matrices of experience are combined, and a new understanding of a situation is established. As Archimedes cried eureka, the common occurrence of the water rising was combined with the problem he was tasked to solve, and so came the solution of the displacement of water should be of equal volume as the crown. What Koestler hadn't expected, however, is the ubiquitous nature far beyond what he proposed. At birth, the human brain knows only the basic biological instincts necessary for survival. But as it grows, new knowledge and experiences are accumulated to form a fundamental baseline for the bisociation process. Considering the variables involved in even the simplest of real-life circumstances, it is unrealistic to expect any one portion of the baseline to resemble the situation exactly. This baseline, therefore, can only define a standardized version of situations and the appropriate reactions associated with it. The process of bisociation is then necessary for the improvisation of a response in accordance. Unlike Jaynes' theory that
Native Americans believed that we are and should be one with Mother Nature. Many believes stem from them being so Intune with the wind, ground, tress/plants and animals. They believe that everything is connected and to be fully connected they needed to have these special ceremonies. These ceremonies included peyote and strong tobaccos to reach true enlightenment and to become one with yourself. Also in these ceremonies you typically are on a journey to find yourself or see things you need to strengthen within yourself. Since I have started mediating and looking further in depth about meditating, I have learned that many feel that you cannot reach true enlightenment in ordinary consciousness. I believe that this “ordinary consciousness” is somewhat
Growing up the common conception of what consciousness pertains to what is done with thought. However, when taking an in-depth examination of this topic, it appears that there is more to it than that. It is one of the most familiar concepts in the world, yet, it has a mysterious factor to it. Consciousness poses a baffling problem of the mind. It raises many questions surrounding its definition and furthermore how it correlates to everything else that we know today. Chalmers in his work (put name here) attempts to define what consciousness is and two problems that make it difficult to grasp. In addition, I will seek to derive a solution to the issue surrounding comprehending consciousness.
For many years the question of whether or not the unconscious mind really exists, and if it does then what does it consist of has baffled many theorist’s minds and has made many philosophers question themselves. There have been debates on whether the conscious mind is influenced by other parts of the mind. These parts are indented within the unconscious, which has processes such as personal habits, intuition and being oblivious to certain things in life. While we are completely aware of what is happening I the conscious mind, we have absolutely no idea of what information is stored in the unconscious mind. It is believed that the unconscious mind comprises various significant and disturbing material, which is required to be kept out of awareness as they may be too menacing to completely acknowledge and be mindful of. There are been some critics that have completely disbelieved the existence of the unconscious mind. Many psychological scientists today believe that the unconscious mind is the shadow of a “real” conscious mind. However, through extensive research, evidence has been found that the unconscious is not visibly complex, controlling, or action-orientated.
The human consciousness is a critical part of life, and a well studied topic in psychology. While the exact reasons for consciousness are still unknown, the effects of a consciousness have been researched extensively. I've always been interested in consciousness and the evolution from just practicality to a deeper level of feeling and why self awareness developed. Consciousness plays a key role in psychology, as being self aware allows for critical thinking as well as fast learning.
Learning is throughout our life span in this planet. All humans, animal, and any other form existence have a method of learning. We also learn by seeing or mimicking others. Learning is very important and also knowing learning style is important too. However, There are many learning procedures out there which require with beliefs, behavior, attitudes, knowledge, and various of skills.
Ned Block argued for the distinction between phenomenal and access consciousness by pointing out that P-consciousness can occur without A-consciousness and vice versa. He supported this claim by suggesting that blind sight patients may have access to information but without the subjective awareness of the stimuli. Flanagan gave an illustration by suggesting that that the “blind field area does not invoke any voluntary actions due to the lack of subjective awareness” (Flanagan, O., 1991; Block, 1995). The assumption is made when the patients indicated that they were unaware of the stimuli. He further argued that the concept of superblindsighter, akin to the idea of imagination and imagine “what it is like” to see a stimuli in the blind field
Human consciousness is possibly one of the most complex ideas that make up the endless questions that plague our Universe. I disagree with Scientist, Christof Koch’s perspective regarding humanity ever understanding consciousness and its place in the Universe. He states that humans are “not far off” from understanding the meaning of consciousness from a scientific perspective, which doesn’t make much sense to me seeing as we can only view 0.000003% of the stars that make up our galaxy, which is among billions of others. In turn, how can the purpose of consciousness be known so easily by a science that is barely advanced enough to touch our own moon? Furthermore, scientific theories regarding the Universe can never be proven true, at least to
conscious mental phenomena is very poorly understood. Most reductionist theories do not even try to
The History of Psychology plays a big role in the interest of Psychology and Philosophy today. Several theories have been developed and refined over the hundreds of years of history in Philosophy and Psychology. Included in this report will be the discussion of the realm of the mind and consciousness, the mind and consciousness in relation to the physical body, and the independence of physical functions of the body through the central nervous system.
All of us try and explain the great mystery that has pondered ancient and modern philosophers. What constitutes our mental thoughts? Putting characteristics together to describe “The Mental” is something that Graham has done in order to try and explain the ongoing phenomenon of the Mind-Body problem. Philosophers and writers, including Graham, have developed, and held onto the ideas that Intentionality and Consciousness are directly related to the Mind-Body problem. They use these two factors to come up with true reasoning as to why we think and react the way that we do and what
For starters consciousness is a mystical network. It has several different extraordinary characters. One David Chalmers says it has a “unified and a differentiated character”, that he feels defines consciousness and makes it simple. But is it really that simplistic?? I mean consciousness is something everyone is aware of at every waking moment of life until death. Never has it been something
When applying this concept of a “crisis” to the real life, we see that there lies a crisis in the neuroscience of consciousness. Neuroscience only
Rene Descartes’ “Discourse on the Method” focuses on distinguishing the human rationale, apart from animals and robots. Wherein, he does so by explaining how neither animals, nor machines possess the same mental faculties as humans. For Descartes distinguishes the human rationale apart from non-humans, even though he does agree the two closely resemble each other because of their sense organs, and physical functions (Descartes, pp22). Nevertheless, it is because the mechanical lacks a necessary aspect of the mind, which consequently separates them from humans. For in Descartes “Discourse on the Method,” he argues that the noteworthy difference between humans, and the mechanical is that machines are only responding to the world through of their sense organs. Whereas humans possess the significant faculties of reasoning, which allows them to understand external inputs and information obtained from the surrounding environment. This significantly creates a dividing ‘line’, which separates humans from non-humans. For in this paper, I will firstly distinguish the differences between the human and mechanical’s mentality in regards to Descartes “Discourse on the Method”. Secondly, I will theorize a modern AI that could possess the concept of an intellectual mind, and then hypothesize a powerful AI that lacks the ability to understand its intelligence. Lastly, in disagreeing in why there are no such machines that is equivalent to the human mind. For humans don’t possess all the
A question that continues to puzzle scholars (and Honors students, alike) is that of what defines human consciousness. It would be simple to say that it is defined by one’s awareness of itself and of its surroundings. What makes the question so difficult to answer, though, is that consciousness is much more than an acute awareness; it is the process of becoming aware, finding the purpose of our consciousness, and building morals and intelligence from that awareness that entangles those who search for answers in a web of utter confusion.
Before us is a question that, no doubt, few governments have had to wrestle with: how do we conduct the task of bringing to justice “grudged informers” who, under the Purple Shirts, we suspect to have acted as whistleblowers on their fellowmen for crimes that we now recognize were not crimes at all, but the exercise of speech we hold should be afforded to all mankind.