Rhonda Estep
PSY109: Human Development
Pennsylvania Institute of Technology
June 6, 2016
Human Development/ UP Video series
Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development underscores the important effect that external conditions, society and parents have on an individual’s personality development. The eight interrelated stages that every individual undergoes include infant, toddler, preschooler, school - child, adolescent, young adult, middle aged adult and older adult. The most important values for these successive groups are hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity, love, care, and wisdom respectively. For the school aged child, their psychology is wired to value and pursue competence. They struggle with the crisis of industry vs.
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Middle childhood years (6 to 11)
How two of the participants (or more) successfully resolved the crisis.
To demonstrate the successful resolution of the Industry vs. Inferiority crisis, Andrew and Paul would serve as case examples. Andrew schooled in a wealthy school in Kensington, London. Andrew tried to work hard (industry) and achieve competence in order to fit in. He sought to prove competent by adopting most of the ideals of his father during his pre-preparatory school years. He claimed that he liked reading The Financial Times at the age of seven. In later life, he confirms that this position was a mere mimicry of his father’s position on the ideal newspaper to read. Andrew, therefore, resolved the crisis of industry vs. inferiority by mimicking his father’s perceived competent behavior. He could easily quote the Cambridge and Oxford University’s as his dream schools. This underscores the pressure for conformity to certain ideal choices that the children from rich backgrounds face.
Charles was equally ambitious by the time he was seven. He was an enthusiastic learner drawn from a rich suburb. He successfully pursued his studies through prep school, and later went Marlborough. He was competent at the young age of seven, and this meant that he had successfully managed to resolve the industry vs. inferiority crisis. He went on to become a competent journalist in later life, working on documentaries and leading
A theory proposed by Erik Erikson (1950, 1963) promotes the eight development stages of adolescents through adulthood by comparing the transitory periods. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for identity and personality development. The first stage is trust vs. mistrust, this stage starts at birth and end at the age of one year. This stage also explains the safety that the infant is getting from the caregiver. For example, if the infant receives constant care, they will develop a sense of trust which will be carried out with them to other and future relationships. The second stage is autonomy vs. shame and doubt; this stage occurs at the age of two to three years old. In this stage, the child is mainly discovering their skills and abilities. The third stage is Initiative vs. Guilt; this stage occurs around age three to age
Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud 's work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based on either developing a psychological quality, or failing to develop that quality (Bee & Boyd 2003). During this period of development, chances of developing a psychological quality or failing to develop that quality are equal. He believes that the personal identity and future development of a person are determined by the way he or she resolves the series of conflicts they go through.
Erikson’s theory of personality is based on his eight stages of development. In each of these eight stages of
Erik H. Erikson was a significant psychologist that greatly changed the field of child development. In the 1950’s, Erikson advanced a Freudian approach in development. He viewed that social development as a series of eight challenges that people have to overcome. Each challenge has an outcome that’s either favorable or unfavorable. The outcome drastically affects a person’s personality. For example, in a favorable outcome, the result can leave a positive feeling. With a positive outlook, it’s easier for a person to cope with challenges in life. An unfavorable outcome can leave a person at a disadvantaged for the future. During the first couple challenges, Erikson believed that the caregiver has a great impact on a child’s development
Just like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed in the significance of early childhood. However, he believed that an individual’s personality development occurs over the individual’s entire course of life. In the early 1960s, Erik Erikson proposed a theory that provided a description of eight different stages of human development (Scheck, 2014). According to him, in each phase, individuals face new challenges and the outcome of the stage depends on how individuals handle the encountered challenges (Scheck, 2014). The stages are named based on the possible outcomes.
Erik Erikson focused on how one’s personality develops over the span of their life, from childhood through adulthood. He focused on a “lifespan model of development” (McLeod, 2013, para. 5) that he
Broderick and Blewitt (2015) state how Erikson’s theory addresses the human characteristics such as maturity, cognitive changes, motor skills, attitudes, behaviors, and expectations throughout development. All these characteristics are concerns clients confront professional counselors about. Depending on the age, counselors can study the personality theory to indicate the significant event the client is experiencing. An example of a significant event would be a 17-year-old male who feels unsure towards his beliefs and desires. This stage is called “Identity Verses Role Confusion”. Broderick and Blewitt (2015) explain that this stage is where an adolescent might feel confused about their career path, which social group to associate with, and
The severity of interpersonal transaction between caregivers and child reflects heavily on development as well as interaction with other member in society. Raising a child with values, beliefs, political views and religious preference gives a foundation on an individual outlook toward society. However, this shows how significance a caregiver influence how a child development, family has a vital role in molding the life, social development, and behavior of a child personality. Erikson believed that childhood is significant in character development the eight stages of development which he formulated that concentrated on a particular task assign to each stage as you progress through life. These psychosocial development phases we encounter through
Erikson’s psychosocial development theory became the foundation of understanding human development across the lifespan. He hypothesized that individuals who fail
When it comes to Erickson's Eight Stages of Development, with other researches we can state that a person's childhood is what shapes their personality, that's why is a crucial time in a child's life. However, we face challenges throughout our life course that also shape us. They come in eight stages, stage 1 is, infancy- the challenge of trust, stage 2 is toddlerhood- the challenge of autonomy, stage 3 is preschool- the challenge of initiative, stage 4 is preadolescene- the challenge of industiousness, stage 5 is adolescence- the challenge of gaining identity, stage 6 is young-adulthood- the challenge of intimacy, stage 7 is middle adulthood- the challenge of making a difference, and finally stage 8 is old age- the challenge of integrity. The eight stages of
Psychologist, Erik Erikson, contributed a fundamentally significant theory which emphasizes eight stages of human development that unfold through an individual’s life. In each stage, a developmental task brings upon a unique crisis that must be resolved. Solving this crisis is especially crucial, for it determines how healthy ones development is (Santrock, 2012). In each stage, Erikson emphasizes certain important events such as feeding, toilet training, and schooling that must be successfully accomplished in order to resolve the conflict regarding personality and psychological skills. According to Erikson, when solving these conflicts, a distinct sense of ego develops that helps establish a sense of trust in others, develop a sense of identity in society, and help individuals prepare for the future.
According to Erik Erikson’s theory of psycho-social stages, development is an ongoing process that happens across the lifespan. This theory believes that growth can be described and divided into age groups including: infancy, toddler, preschooler, elementary schooler, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood and late adulthood. In addition, Erikson outlines healthy or socially acceptable behaviors at each of the stages of development. More importantly, Erikson believed that each stage involved a crisis which is, “…marked by a conflict between two opposing personality traits or basic attitudes, one of which is ego ‘synotonic’ and the other, ego ‘dystonic.’” (Robbins, Chatterjee & Carter, p. 209). The theory also states that a balance between
The theory of psychosocial development developed by Erik Erikson is one of the best-known theories of personality. Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages and described the impact of social experience across the lifespan. Similar to Sigmund Freud, but unlike Piaget, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages that are predetermined. Unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson’s theory, that of a psychosocial behavior, describes the impact of social experience across the entire lifespan. At each stage of development, Erikson described conflicts that act as turning points in life. This paper will discuss what Erikson’s theories is sheltered instruction, and how they apply to
Erikson’s theory of development gives us a psychosocial insight. This theory consists of eight stages from infancy to adulthood. During each stage, the person will either have a positive or negative outcome to a crisis which they will face. The role of culture and society will play huge role in this. Erikson puts a great deal of emphasis on the adolescent period, feeling it was a crucial stage for developing a person’s identity (McLeod, 2017).
Life is full of drastic changes, from birth all the way through adulthood there are many significant changes that occur throughout a person’s life. One of the most important changes is the period of adolescence. This is a period in which a child transitions to adulthood. During this time a person goes through changes emotionally, physically, and mentally. Teenagers try to find their own unique personality and identity. This consists of changing their appearance, personalities, and identities in order to be accepted by their peers or surrounding environment. Personalities are complex mental characteristics that are expressed through our temperament or emotions (“Process of Socialization”). Therefore, our personalities show our own beliefs, personal values, and expectations. Progressively throughout adolescence, an individual’s personality shifts due to their surroundings and their associations with others, this is seen in Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. As studies have shown, children grow and reach certain periods of their lives where their personalities and identities shift over time in order for them to become more like an adult.