Essay on Human Organ Trafficking

Annotated Bibliography including five citations in APA documentation format, each with a brief summary paragraph: in your own words, write a two-three sentence summary the source’s main point and identifying key expert views or evidence which will help support specific points in your outline.

The first organ donation was successfully performed in 1954 (Major). Since then, institutions have set up many regulations and processes that have saved many lives by allowing people to donate their organs, but government policies in the United States have set up laws that prevent individuals to make choices about their own bodies. The National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) is a regulation that prevents those who prefer to profit from their donation. The purpose of the act was to, “prohibit the assignment of a monetary value to an organ for transplantation, thus preventing commercialization and ensuring some level of equity in access to organs” (Delmonico). “Punishment includes fines up to $50 000 and 5 years in prison” (Friedman). The only country that legalizes organs to be bought and sold is Iran. The Iranian government recognized the overwhelming increasing of resources needed for dialysis as more and more people were becoming ill, so the government decided to make it legal to pay citizens to have transplants mainly in the UK (Major). When a person is in need of an organ, doctors assess whether or not that person is eligible for a transplant (Bernard). Once they have been approved, the patient will be referred by the doctor to a transplant center where they evaluate the patient’s physical and mental health as well as the patient’s social support to clear the requirements for being considered a viable candidate for an organ transplant, and finding the right donor is all

(Kelly, 2013, p.1323) According to Kelly (2013) “the shortage drives desperate patients underground when established wait lists fail to meet their needs” (p.1322). These dangers have not only affected those giving or receiving organs, but have affected innocent adults and children. August 27, 2013 the DailyMail.com published a story about a six year old Chinese boy. The boy was taken from his yard and was taken to unsanitary conditions to be robbed of his eyes so the organ traffickers could sell the cornea of his eye. The problem with the sale of organs being illegal does not just stop at being dangerous; but does not allow the person to exercise their right of being free to do as they wish with their body. There are several dangerous and concerning problems that have been caused by illegal organ sales. The dangerous problems caused by organ sales being illegal may be reversed by legalizing organ sales with strict laws protecting donors and

The demand for kidneys is generated largely in the US. As of January 2016, 100,791 people are on a waiting list for a life-saving kidney in America. Over 3,000 people are added to the waiting list each month and 13 people die each day while on hold for an organ transplant ("The National Kidney"). There is massive demand for kidneys in the US, and while certain family members of the sick are willing to donate theirs to save a life, there aren’t enough willing to give their kidney. Parents of a child who is dying of a kidney-caused issue become desperate enough to consider resorting to illegal solutions. It is this extreme imbalance in the supply and demand of donated kidneys that generates the black market organ trade.

The first argument of those who oppose payment for living organ donation is that once money is inserted into the issue of organ donation, it possibly creates uncontrollable and unregulated markets in which the poor, who ultimately need money, would be obviously exploited (Delmonico 2004), and in which the human body would become merchandise (Shapiro 20). Opponents point out that the poor are more likely to take any jobs that have a higher risk of death and go against their beliefs in a way they can to get money. Thus, it might be true that they would also be more likely to donate their organs in exchange for payment. Besides, rich individuals are able to abuse that weakness to exploit poor individuals to obtain their organs. However, these claims are highly questionable. When the government bans on the transfer of organs for valuable consideration, the international black markets in organs have been insidiously established and have rapidly developed (Friedman 746). In fact, the practice of those markets defiantly exploits the poor, because most of the organs are usually taken from the poor in indigent Third World countries (Shapiro 20). As an example, kidneys which have come from the poor in some parts of India have been often sold to the wealth in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, the Gulf States, especially, the United Kingdom and the United States (“Illegal Organ Trafficking Poses A Global Problem”). Generally, it is estimated that each year, there are 200 to 300 organs transferred

With globalization and regional integration, China is suffering human trafficking which need be effectively solved. Whatever adults or children are at risk of being trafficked and facing several problems namely

On the contrary; China has many fewer donors registered than America does. (The stunning ratio is about .006% of the Chinese population versus 26% of the United States populace (4).) Actually, organ donation in general goes against much of Chinese culture, which traditionally values the human body as a gift from the ancestors and should be treated sacredly. Without performing an excessive amount of mathematical formulating, one can easily see that there is an unexplained altering condition which results in a huge number of available organs. This single, barbaric factor balances the numbers, According to the Kilgour-Matis report (5), which investigated the source of organs being transplanted in China, The People’s Republic of China is guilty of crimes against humanity; specifically, organ harvesting.

The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 was created to prevent human trafficking, to protect the victims of human trafficking, and to prosecute traffickers. Although it was well crafted, the TVPA is ineffective in achieving its purpose. Since its enactment, only a small percentage of victims have received help, and the prevalence of human trafficking in the U.S. has not decreased. In fact, human trafficking may be on the rise in Arkansas. Therefore, although amending the TVPA would make more people eligible for social services, not amending the TVPA would be an act of support towards organized crime, the spread of diseases like AIDS and TB, and modern slavery.

There are three main categories of deception used by traffickers to obtain their organs. First, traffickers may just force the victim to have organ removed. Second, they may offer money for the organ and then pay them less than promised. And thirdly, a vulnerable person may be convinced they need to have surgery for another medical reason and their needed organs are removed without them even knowing. People that are vulnerable to this type of trafficking can be any age and tend to be migrant, illiterate or homeless. Organs that are most commonly needed are the kidneys and liver. This kind of trafficking has many participants including the trafficker, the victim, the buyer and the medical staff. There are so many parties involved that it is rare a whole organization is ever exposed

Human sex trafficking is an illegal form of modern day slavery that has turned into a lucrative business throughout our nation. Sex is very big business and there is a tremendous amount of money that can be made. There are people that will use any means necessary to be a part of this industry. Young women and children are used as a commodity, offered a better life and then sold like property to increase the wallets of these criminals. I am against this kind of inhumane treatment and know that as a nation we can do more to abolish this so called business forever. I believe this possible with more laws, stronger penalties for breaking those laws, and awareness that this is a very big and rapidly growing problem

Visualize this you’re walking down Las Vegas Boulevard in the early morning when you are suddenly succumbed by unconsciousness and abruptly abducted. Amongst regaining consciousness, you find yourself restrained and lying on a table with someone surgically removing your kidneys and liver for resale on the black market. This sounds like a twisted plot in a horror movie correct? Now this may seem highly unlikely but the reality exists. This may not be happening on the streets of Las Vegas but these abductions do occur. The demand for organs is at a critical rate. The patients who need them may become desperate and turn to such acts to save their life’s. Now there is something we

Organ trafficking is a form of widespread organized crime where inner organs are illegally obtained and traded for transplantation ("Organ Trafficking: Current Trends and Policy Challenges | Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission," 2012). Organ trafficking can happen in many different ways by using people that are not willing to sell his or her organs. You might ask, “How is this being done?” It is happening everywhere, anywhere and all the time. It is a criminal offense to traffic body parts, or perform transplants from any source not legally affiliated with a hospital or other medical facility

First of all, an organ trafficking market has created due to remarkably high demand for body parts from all over the world. Many people refuse to donate their organs even after they die has

Human trafficking, or the selling and buying of people, is a well-hidden yet prominent issue within today’s society. It is both an immoral and horrific topic that needs brought to attention and dealt with. When human beings are manipulated into work, sexual servitude, or economic hardship, human trafficking is occurring. In the year of 2006, only one individual is convicted of human trafficking per 800 victims (UNGIFT). By looking at straight statistics, reasons human trafficking happens, and the toll it has on people, it is very clear that this is a major issue that is happening in our world.

The delegate of Russia believes even though some nations like Russia are trying to get rid of organ trafficking, without the uncompromising effort of the other developed nations to ban importing trafficked organs within their own countries, it will be impossible to end this injustice. Developed countries must organize a system that would encourage an increase in legal organ donors, such as the opt-out system which has been successfully introduced in several countries, or reconsider and deregulate the present system on the basis of WHO guidelines. At the same time, laws must be organized to punish illegal trafficking groups in order to protect poor ‘donors’ from being lured into the organ trade.