I. E. C.'s Model Of Dmentia

liver and kidneys. Normal adult dose of some medications can be toxic to an older patient.

“Contratheraputic is when an individual experience unintentional or unanticipated adverse effects while the individual is on a drug regimen that is not closely monitored by a doctor” (Understanding and Managing Polypharmacy in Elderly, 2004). Screening elderly for polypharmacy is crucial because adverse side effects of some medications can imitate other problems such as confusion, incontinence, urinary retention, and falls which may cause a physician to prescribe another medication to help treat those symptoms. The Beers criteria is a list of drugs that may be inappropriate for elderly patients as the risks outweigh the benefits, an example is the use of urinary anticholinergic which could prevent one episode of incontinence every 48 hours but can cause constipation, dry mouth, dry eyes, impaired cognition and increased risk of

Organization-based case management takes a systemic approach to helping. In this model of case management team members work together in specific roles, to meet a client’s needs simultaneously. The services provided, depending on agency structure, come from a single location. This is commonly found in inpatient, outpatient, or residential based care (Woodside & McClam, 2014).

Certain qualities are consistently observed in the Alzheimer’s victim. These dysfunction’s, though, are not exclusive to Alzheimer’s disease. Consequently, declaring Alzheimer’s by these parameters is a matter of degree rather than an absolute. Characteristic dysfunction’s have been noted in Alzheimer’s victims, but the degree and severity of these varies from patient to patient. Thus, evaluation of the patient’s mental status must be made based on the sum, rather than a single characteristic. Memory is one of the first noticed deficiencies, beginning typically with the recent and short term memory, and progressing from there as the disease grows more severe. In addition, deterioration in language skills, attention span, praxis (performance of an action), and visuospatial skills are commonly seen. Also observed are changes in the actions and personality of the Alzheimer’s victim. These include changes in mood, motor activities, activities of daily living, socialization skills, psychotic disturbances, vegetative symptomology, and rise in anxiety levels. Again, the

The term ‘dementia’ describes a set of symptoms which can include loss of memory, mood changes and problems with communication and reasoning. These symptoms occur when the brain is damaged by certain conditions and diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. 
Age is the greatest risk factor for dementia. Dementia affects one in 14 people over the age of 65 and one in six over the age of 80. However, dementia is not restricted to older people: in the UK, there are over 17,000 people under the age of 65 with dementia, although this figure is likely to be an underestimate.

Research conducted by the Australian government in 2011, estimated that 298,000 Australians have been diagnosed with dementia and based on current projections, this number will exceed 400,000 by 2020. (1) Although forecast methods vary, the number of people with dementia is expected to triple between 2011 and 2050 and is estimated to reach approximately 900,000 by 2050. (1)

Dementia can be defined as a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life (alz.org). More than often, individuals affected by dementia are over the age of 65. In the United States, there are more than three million cases of dementia each year. According to World Health Organization, the number of people living with dementia is currently estimated at 47.5 million worldwide and is expected to increase to 75.6 million by 2030 (World Health Organization 2015). Dementia is caused by physical modifications in the brain and is known for loss of memory and mental abilities. It’s a progressive disease which means it gets worse over time. If diagnosed early on, the quality of life for people with dementia as well as their family members can be significantly improved. There are many different types of dementias although some are far more reciprocal than others. One of the most common types of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Other few types of dementias are “Vascular dementia, Mixed dementia, Parkinson 's disease and Frontotemporal dementia (Krishnan, D. S)”. All of the various forms of dementia tend to have similar symptoms which consequently makes it hard to determine the type of dementia a patient may be suffering from.

In the United States there are approximately 5.4 million people living with Alzheimer’s. Every sixty-nine seconds a person is diagnosed. This is an ongoing issue, and unless something is done, sixteen million people will be affected by 2050 (Latest).

According to the Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI), dementia is one of the most prevalent disorders found among

An estimated 47.5 million people suffer from dementia. Every 4 seconds one new case of dementia is diagnosed. Dementia is a term that describes certain symptoms such as impairment to memory, communication and thinking. It is a group of symptoms and not just one illness. Even though one‘s chance of getting dementia increase with age, it is not a part of aging. Dementia is usually diagnosed after a series of assessments that includes a physical evaluation, memory tests, imaging studies and blood work. It affects three aspects of one’s mental function, cognitive dysfunction (Problems with memory, language, thinking and problem solving), psychiatric behavior (changes in personality, emotional control, social behavior and delusions) and difficulties with daily living activities (driving, shopping, eating and dressing). “The median survival time in women is 4.6 years and in men 4.1 years” (Warren, 2016).

As the continued support grows the PCPCC, the health care sector is recognizing the role of the medical home model, Accountable Care Organizations(ACO), many entities are embracing the model and performing better. According to Center of Medicare and Medicaid, the medical home model shows that there is an improvement cost effectiveness, which helps practitioners deliver quality care and advanced approaches to care coordination, care teams, and chronic disease management. As evaluations of ACOs, integrated health systems, and the medical neighborhood continue, the Patient Center Medical Home will be essential to driving improvements in cost, quality, and outcomes. [3]

In PSYC1002R, we have learned that dementia is simply a blanket term that best explains the gradual decline in multiple areas of function that define human existence. These areas include memory, language, communication, skilled movement, perception, recognition, decision-making, to name a few. In 2011, there were 747,000 Canadians suffering with dementia with 15% of them being 65 years old and older. (Tsuji, 2017) It is estimated that by 2031, that figure will rise to an alarming number of 1.4 million people. (Tsuji, 2017) Dementia is difficult for both the individual diagnosed with the disease and the patient’s family members or caregivers. It is difficult to watch a beloved one become more and more distant and estranged. In this short essay,

In the United States by 2012 there has been approximately 5.5 million people diagnosed with dementia (“What is Dementia?”, 2012). Dementia symptoms can begin as early as age 45 and the risk of getting doubles every 5 years. More women have been diagnosed with dementia than men but no reasons have been found as to why (“What is Dementia?”, 2012).

As the symptoms become moderate, the individual will experience changes in behavior; confusion regarding people’s identities; trouble following directions or completing tasks; lack of organization of thoughts or inability to follow logical explanations; having hallucinations, arguments, or violent behavior; suffering from delusions, depression, and agitation; may accuse, curse, threaten, or behave in an inappropriate way; and will show poor judgment regarding safety issues. A diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease in its advance stages will show more obvious and severe symptoms. These symptoms will include a difficulty in understanding speech; losing control of bladder and bowel; refusal to eat, choking easily, and forgetting to swallow; the individual doesn’t recognize who he is or his close family members; will lose weight and his skin will start to tear easily; and will regularly cry out, touch everything or continuously have odd

Elderly patients that take several medications compound the risk of developing an adverse drug reaction. Not only does the aging process have an effect on how elderly bodies process medication, but elderly people take more medications than their younger counterparts. According to Conry (2005), the elderly patient takes an average of 5 prescription medications and two non-prescription medications (Conry, 2005). While medications are frequently necessary to enhance the quality of life of the elderly, non-pharmacologic methods should be used whenever possible. Healthcare providers need to understand how aging impacts the body’s response to medications, which drugs pose more risk to