Essay on Improving Memory through Applying Brief Wakeful Resting

This experiment is based on previous research done. For example, in 1969, in a research by Bower and Clark, no difference in the immediate recall scores of both groups was noted, but when later asked to recall, those who used narrative chaining recalled an average of 93% of the words compared to the control group which only recalled an average of 13% of words. In another experiment, participants who used narrative chaining remembered six times more information than participants who learned by simply repeating the words to themselves (Loftus, 1980). Narrative chaining is particularly useful when a person wants to remember information in a particular order. The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of narrative chaining on memory. It is hypothesized that in a group of 59 participants aged 10-69 years old, participants who use narrative chaining to remember a list of words will remember a higher number and percentage of words when asked to write down as many words as possible through serial recall compared to participants who use maintenance rehearsal.

The article Sleep deprivation and false memories reported two studies, but only study one will be summarized here. The study done here is to see if amount of sleep is associated to false memories. This study is a correlational study because it is looking for the association of natural occurring variables (i.e. the amount of sleep one gets). The independent variable of this study is the amount of sleep the participants had, either they were sleep deprived or not. The dependent variable is whether or not they had false memories. The participants were made up of one hundred ninety-three undergraduates from the University of California, Irvine, 76% of which were female and 24% were male. The participants were divided into two different groups based on their self-reported sleep duration only on the night prior to the study session. The participants who reported five or fewer hours of sleep were put in the restricted sleep group, those with more than five hours were put into the reference group. Neither group differed meaningfully on age, gender, race-ethnicity etc.

The experimental group was those who have Alzheimer’s disease and the control was without one.

They focused on the experiment stimuli and the response of the brain. Also, they talked about how older people and people with Alzheimer’s disease have a difficult time with estimating chronological age. “Disorientation to chronological age becomes more pronounced with dementia severity” (“Time Perspective and Positivity Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease”, 2016). It mentioned that people with Alzheimer’s Disease tend to remember more positive images than negative images. In the conclusion it talked about the results they found out and talked about how important using a variety of ages

It should be noted; however, that there is a definite science for memory. As previously mentioned, memories can be encoded subconsciously (without our awareness), and also consciously. This paper will focus on the science of increasing the effectiveness of conscious memory, that is, memory that we intentionally try to encode into our minds with the purpose of a later retrieval.

It uses several examples of games that they have created and used to test their theories. These games challenge memory by having people remember sequences. Although not all of their colleagues agree that these games are effective, many do and have also had positive results. These tests have occurred on numerous groups of people and with and without incentive. I think focusing on these studies was an excellent way for the author to prove their argument because they have clearly shown through the scientific method that this can be

“When you are dissatisfied and would like to go back to youth, think of Algebra” (Will Rogers). Not every single person on this earth will be able to remember algebra seeing that there is a chance of getting Alzheimer’s disease, but that is highly unlikely. “Odds are you're not suddenly developing Alzheimer's disease, although many people jump to that conclusion” (Mohs) The problem being solved is seeing if short-term memory is affected by age. Studies show that people take longer to process information as they grow older. But the question in this experiment is "Does age affect short-term memory." This is not to find out the processing time of the brain. The point is to find out if someone from ages 35 to 45 can store a set of ten numbers in

The Williams article referenced a Langer study about the relationship between the mind and aging. The piece was published in the BBC News Magazine so the writing style and information were written for an audience comprised of the general population. The experimental design was a two group study of elderly men aged 70-80 (Williams, 2007). Langer hypothesized that the age mindset (young or older) precipitates physical results (Williams, 2007) Williams described the study as follows: the men were relocated to a retreat setting and divided into two groups; one group was instructed to talk about their life in the 1950s; while the other group was instructed to live and talk as if they were in the 1950s. The reported outcome found that the group that

If the study was done again, the experimenter should improve this study by increasing the sample size. A larger number of participants should be considered also with a wider age range. This would give a better result of the experiment. Random sampling could have been used which would have given a better representative sample of the population instead of convenient sampling. Random sampling could increase the ecological validity of the experiment, as the chance of a person to be selected would be equally big for everyone within the target

The subjects know exactly what will be done to them (e.g. The subject knows beforehand if there will

8.The null hypothesis for gender-% female should be accepted because there was no significant difference to justify rejection.

This paper will review some of the primary literature on sleep and memory as it relates to learning; evaluate conceptions of mindfulness, it’s relationship to learning, and its functional influence on sleep; and conclude with a discussion about further research into the intersection of mindfulness, memory formation and learning, and sleep.

Saxvig, Lundervold, Gronli, Ursin, Bjornvatn, & Portas (2007) examined the role of REM sleep in memory by investigating its functionality and modality. Participants were 24 university

By conducting a short-term memory game to determine if females or males had better short-term memory, it has been analyzed that there was no significance between them. Therefore, the hypotheses that females had better short-term memory was not supported by these analyzes. Females were expected to memorize most of the numbers in the digit span than males. As for the results, females and males in both groups had similar scores when writing down the amount of correct numbers that they had memorized. Time constraint also showed no great significance between groups. In addition, results were recorded as follows: any missing numbers were marked as incorrectly and were not marked as missing value. Moreover, even though these results did show many differences between genders, it can be applied in various

Many experiment fall folly due to the many factors they need to get correct. Like most studies the practitioner needs to create a hypothesis that is actually testable and test it on a group of people they can get. The participants are the foundation to the whole study. With them you are able to prove whether your hypothesis was correct or not. These and many more factors are why psychological studies are incredibly to execute and do properly.