Inequality In The 1960's Papua New Guinea

David Jones realizes their immune systems were weak, and he presents the question why: is it possibly because they were malnourished, exhausted, and stressed out due to Europeans? He speaks in detail about Indians being defenseless to pathogens, through homogeneity, and how their fates depended on their entire environment. Combined with their vulnerability, “it could well be [assessed] that the epidemics among American Indians, despite their unusual severity, were caused by the same forces of poverty, social stress, and environmental vulnerability that cause epidemics in all other times and

Some believe that the death of 90 to 95 percent of the native population of the New World (South America) was caused by Old World diseases. Smallpox was the chief culprit and responsible for killing nearly all of the native inhabitants of the Americas. Smallpox was responsible for an estimated 300–500 million deaths in the 20th century. As recently as 1967, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 15 million people contracted the disease and that two million died in that year. If not for the vaccine, smallpox would have still prevailed well into the 19th century. Due to massive vaccination campaign the WHO successfully eradicated the disease, if it was not entirely successful smallpox would have mutated and caused more death, if not for the aggressive campaign against smallpox, many, up to 30% of the global population would have still died. To this day, smallpox is the only human infectious disease to have been completely eradicated from

Native Americans never came in contact with diseases that developed in the Old World because they were separated from Asia, Africa, and Europe when ocean levels rose following the end of the last Ice Age. Diseases like smallpox, measles, pneumonia, influenza, and malaria were unknown to

Diamond argues that civilization arose from regions that were susceptible the domestication of both plants and large mammals to plow fields. This combination vastly increased food production, which in turn supported larger populations. From there, it's the standard political economy story about the positive feedback loop of prosperity and social complexity favoring the evolution of more complex forms of social organization, specialization, increased technical innovation, etc. This is the Guns and Steel part of the story.

One of the earliest epidemics faced here was introduced by European explorers. The variola virus, commonly known as smallpox, wreaked havoc upon the Native American population (Lamb); they had no immunity to the disease so it was particularly

Imagine a quick spreading rash throughout the entire body, leaving not a single space behind; every opening and crevice in your body, including your mouth and eyes covered in painful bumps accompanied by high fever and severe body aches. Flat red spots transforming into fluid-filled lesions and soon oozing out yellow pus, evidently emitting a pungent odor to anyone who dared get close. The live virus present in the darkening crusty scabs that would soon fall off only to leave behind a deep pitted scarred filled complexion on anyone who was fortunate enough to survive. These scars would be forever remembered as the hallmark for the smallpox epidemic which tormented the world for over 3,000 years. (Riedel “Deadly Diseases”).

As a brief history, smallpox was a disease that has afflicted and depopulated civilizations from as early as A.D. 400 in ancient India to as late as the 20th century. It is a unique disease because

Diseases began to spread in the Native American tribes of the New World as Europeans traveled from North America, to Europe, and back again. When Europeans brought over livestock and animals, they also carried illnesses that had originated in Europe; to North America. The Native American tribes didn’t have the immunity that the livestock and the Europeans had from the bacteria and viruses that they carried. As a result of the native Americans

Germs affected many people that were exposed to  new diseases. The Inca tribe were some of the individuals affected. For example, when the Spaniards attacked and captured some Inca people as slaves, they showed signs of illness when sailing to Mexico. The disease that seemed to cause the Inca people to become ill was smallpox, but the Spaniards didn’t seem to be affected. There were always people who were genetically better at being able to fight off the particular smallpox virus. These people were more likely to be able to survive an outbreak and have children, passing their genetic resistance in the process. Over time, populations acquired some degree of protection from diseases like smallpox - a protection the Incas never had. The Incan’s

The arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 was more than likely the first time American Indians had encountered any humans from another continent. With this being said, human bodies adapt to their surroundings naturally and will develop immunity to diseases. At this time Native Americans never had an experience with any deadly diseases that are commonly known today. Such as, smallpox, typhus, bubonic plague, measles, influenza, and yellow fever. As European colonists and voyagers began traveling further inward on land they carried with them these diseases from their home country. Their bodies having developed immunity to these deadly diseases, come in direct physical contact with Native Americans, causing disease to spread rapidly. The fatalities of these diseases were

A few ailments have a creature supply, which means they can taint different species other than people. Yellow fever, for instance, contaminates people, however can likewise taint monkeys. On the off chance that a mosquito fit for spreading yellow fever nibbles a tainted monkey, the mosquito can then give the ailment to people. So regardless of the possibility that the whole populace of the planet could by one means or another be inoculated against yellow fever, its destruction couldn't be ensured. The illness could even now be coursing among monkeys, and it could re-rise if human invulnerability ever melted away. (The revelation of a creature store for yellow fever was actually what crashed a yellow fever destruction exertion in the mid 1900s.) Smallpox, be that as it may, can taint just people. Basically, beside the human populace, it has no place to stow away.

There are several epidemics in the world, but the one that stands out the most and has a large affect on people is smallpox. An epidemic is a widespread occurrence of and infectious disease in a community at a particular time. There are several epidemics and lots of them are very dangerous and can lead to very severe sickness or even death. For example there are more diseases that land in the epidemic “family” such as HIV, AIDS, Herpes, and Gonorrhea just to give you an idea on however I am going to talk about smallpox. HIV is the disease and AIDS is the virus leading to the final stage of HIV disease, which causes severe damage to the immune system. Herpes is and infection of the lip, mouth and gums due to the

After reading the select chapters from Diamond’s book, I agree that the roots of inequality lie within the geography of the land. Diamond states, “Geographic variation in whether, or when, the peoples of different continents became farmers and herders explains to a large extent their subsequent contrasting fates” (86). The location of where people resided in played a significant role in determining what their future would be like.

To create steel, they would have to have two things, a hot fire, and iron ore. They started by making a smoldering hot fire and placing the iron ore into it until the iron reached the temperature of 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. At that point they could hammer it into the shape they wanted then quickly putting it in cold water or sand, therefore cooling it and making it ready to use. Specialists played an important role in the making of steel. Because they had enough people on food production they could begin having specialists, all specialists did was mess around with steel all day and because of specialists they developed and produced steel faster than ever before. The Spanish benefited for steel in many way but mainly in war because not only did they have horses that gave them hight but they had swords and armor made of steel most other civilizations they will go into war with will not have steel they will either have gold or copper and both of those metals are soft and brittle and would not stand up to steel. Unfortunately, the Inca had the right climate for steel they had no possible way to make steel because they did not have iron ore. Instead, because they did not have iron they used gold. When the Inca came in contact with the

with the Inca and accidentally brought smallpox, the Inca fell ill. The immunity to smallpox made