Inferior Vena Cava Research Paper

It is designed for precise placement of the needle on fragile, thin, rolling or poorly accessible veins.

artery or vein. The tube in this artery is connected to a mechanical pump that

1. Name the circulatory system that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.

The ICUs are associated with over 15 million catheter days while there is indication that only 24.4% of CVC use occurs outside the ICUs (Chopra, Krein, Olmsted, Safdar & Saint, 2013). This implies that millions of patients in the ICUs are at a high likelihood of developing CLABSI

A percutaneous central line is entered into the patient’s subclavian vein. Because TPN solution is concentrated it is better to have CVC access in the subclavian vein so the solution has less distance to travel to its destination. This reduces the risk of the line clotting or damaging the vein.

Inferior vena cava filters have been around since the late 1960s, and the first FDA approved removable IVC filters were approved in 2003 and 2004. Permanent filters had already been FDA approved at that time. On average 250,000 people each year have an IVC filter implanted.

As previously stated, there is widespread debate as to whether or not PICC lines increase the risk of DVT and there is very little research on PICC placements in patients who have a previous history of DVT or chronic disease of the vascular system. I reviewed several research studies on the increased risk of DVT associated with PICC line placement assuming the most common complication would be infection. However, there is evidence that PICC lines can predispose patients to upper limb DVT and possible pulmonary embolism. Few of the studies I reviewed, unfortunately, mention PICC placement in patients who have a prior history of DVT, thereby further increasing the risk for DVT complications.

Intravenous (IV) catheter Insertion is performed for almost all the children admitted in the hospital. It is estimated that in United States 60-90% of the children hospitalized use IV catheters (Hadaway, 2010, Helm et al., 2015)7. The most common complications of IV catheterization are infiltration

Vaginal laxity, or vaginal looseness, is a problem any woman who has experienced traditional childbirth faces. Even women who have never given birth can experience vaginal looseness as a sign of aging. The side effects of vaginal laxity can be aplenty, including urinary incontinence, reduced sexual pleasure and vaginal dryness. Yet, despite the large number of women affected by vaginal laxity, most women fail to report concerns over vaginal looseness to their medical providers.

We optimized his medical therapy, inotropic support and performed a successful cardioversion. Despite these interventions, the patient’s clinical status continued to decline with worsening fluid retention, progressive AKI (SCr 3.8mg/dl) and multiple episodes of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation terminated by his implantable cardiac defibrillator (SAVE score -2) 5. We made the decision to insert a partial right ventricular assist device and a left ventricular assist device with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for biventricular support and oxygenation. The patient underwent a left mini-thoracotomy, with off-pump trans-apical placement of a 31 French ProtekDuo® cannula. We secured the device using 3.0 Prolene purse-string sutures. The cannula provided a route for blood exchange with the inflow port located in the left ventricle and outflow port and cannula tips situated 2-3cm above the aortic valve. The blood circulated by the cannula passed through an extra-corporeal membrane oxygenator (TandemLung®) and pump (TandemHeart®). We also placed a 21 French IVC-SVC venous cannula via the femoral vein and connected the tubing to the inflow of the trans-apical ProtekDuo® cannula (figure 1). The LVAD was up-titrated to a flow of 4.4 L/min at 7000rpm.

A: Inferior vena cava filters are medical devices implanted in the veins of a patient to prevent blood clots from moving to the lungs. They are used to prevent pulmonary emboli.

IV lines or tubes are thin plastic tubing that are designed to transport medication or fluid from infusion pump to the patient. One end of the tubing is connected to an infusion pump or

The most serious side effects of IVC filters are linked to filter fracture and/or migration. The filters often consist of a design containing thin wire “legs.” These legs can break of the device and travel within a patient’s bloodstream and become lodged in an internal organ, usually the heart or lungs.

Once inside the target vessel, IVUS obtains 360 degrees cross sectional images. The sonic wave reflections from the arterial wall differ depending on the structure of the arterial wall components. Collagen and elastin produce a stronger sonic reflection thus a hyper-echoic picture of the intima and adventitia, whilst the smooth muscle cells in the media produce a hypo-echoic picture due to reduced sonic reflection from these structures (Kpodonu et al., 2008). New generation IVUS devices can produce three-dimensional pictures by stacking the two-dimensional axial images during pull back of the US catheter. The pull back could be done either manually or mechanically using a motor. 3-D images are useful in assessment of endovascular device deployment failures, which might not be detected in conventional angiographies. 3-D images are also helpful in sizing of the arteries and veins for endovascular device planning (Weissman et al., 1995; Heuser et al., 1997).

The use of intravenous therapy in the hospitals is now considered a routine therapy. In 2016, DeVries and Valentine stated that 70% to 80% of hospital patients have peripheral intravenous lines at some time during their stay. A peripheral intravenous (PIV) line is a small hollow tube (catheter) that is inserted into a vein and can be connected to special tubing. PIV line is commonly used to administer medications or fluids directly into the vein. The article “Intravenous Therapy: A Review of Complications and Economic Considerations of Peripheral Access,” states that the history of intravenous (IV) therapy dates back to the Middle Ages. Dr. Thomas Latta pioneered the use of IV saline infusion during the cholera epidemic and in the 20th century, two world wars established a role for IV therapy as routine medical practice (Dychter, Gold, Carson, & Haller, 2012).