Introduction
Vascular ultrasound (US) is an established non-invasive method of imaging the cardiovascular system. It is cheap, accessible and provides a rapid diagnosis of many vascular diseases such as presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm, deep vein thrombosis and limb arterial occlusions. The majority of vascular ultrasound currently done in the UK is trans-cutaneous ultrasound, in which the US probe obtains images of the vessels from above the skin.
In recent years intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has gained popularity in obtaining high-resolution images of the blood vessels from inside the vascular lumen, providing detailed information of the vascular lesions and their anatomy.
In this review, utilisation of IVUS in different areas of
…show more content…
The standard IVUS sheaths are 9 Fr with a 0.035 inch guidewire, however 0.014 inch catheters are available for smaller arteries (Kpodonu et al., 2008).
Once inside the target vessel, IVUS obtains 360 degrees cross sectional images. The sonic wave reflections from the arterial wall differ depending on the structure of the arterial wall components. Collagen and elastin produce a stronger sonic reflection thus a hyper-echoic picture of the intima and adventitia, whilst the smooth muscle cells in the media produce a hypo-echoic picture due to reduced sonic reflection from these structures (Kpodonu et al., 2008). New generation IVUS devices can produce three-dimensional pictures by stacking the two-dimensional axial images during pull back of the US catheter. The pull back could be done either manually or mechanically using a motor. 3-D images are useful in assessment of endovascular device deployment failures, which might not be detected in conventional angiographies. 3-D images are also helpful in sizing of the arteries and veins for endovascular device planning (Weissman et al., 1995; Heuser et al., 1997).
IVUS can provide B mode and colour images from inside the vessels. The transducers’ frequencies are generally between 10 MHz and 40MHz (Lee and White, 2004). New generation IVUS with frequencies of 40MHz to 50MHz are useful for imaging the coronary arteries (Lee and White, 2004).
Although higher frequencies can produce higher resolution images, this would
The Diagnostic Sonography more commonly known as Ultrasound is a medical procedure in which you use high frequency sound waves to produce visual images of organs tissues or blood flow inside the body. Ultrasound is regularly known as the procedure used to examine women who are expecting. Although, Sonography is used in many different ways other than for expectant mothers. Sonography is also used to detect such things as heart disease, heart attacks, and vascular disease that can lead to stroke. (SDMS, 2010) Moreover, Sonography is also used to examine breasts, abdomens, female reproductive systems,
Being able to identify lumps, swelling, tissue damage, cysts, and the overwhelming news of the sex of a baby all have something in common, an ultrasound. Swelling of the spleen, kidney stones, blood clots, aneurysms, cancer and so much more can be identified through the works of an ultrasound’s imaging technique. Ultrasound involves many concepts, procedures, and careers. The amount of medical possibilities involved with ultrasounds is useful in major medical diagnostics. The field of ultrasounds and career opportunities are widely growing. As medical careers flourish, needs for technicians in many fields of medicine are increasing. Instead of a doctor choosing complex and risky surgery to find out problems within the body, they can now
* Ultrasound. An ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to generate images of your internal organs, such as your kidneys and bladder, on a computer screen.
Ultrasound imaging has many uses in medicine, from confirming and dating a pregnancy to diagnosing certain conditions and guiding doctors through precise medical procedures
Another form of imaging is ultrasound. Ultrasound, which uses very high frequency sound, is directed into the body. And because the tissue interference's reflect sound, doctors are able to produce, by use of a computer, a photograph or moving image on a television. Ultrasound has many application uses on the body, but is more commonly used in examinations of the fetus during pregnancy, because use of radiation may affect the outcome of the baby. Some other practices for ultrasound include examination of the arteries, heart, pancreas, urinary system, ovaries, brain, and spinal cord. And because sound travels well through fluids it is a very useful technique for diagnosing cysts( which are filled with fluid), and fluid filled structures such as the bladder. And since sound is absorbed by air and bone it is impossible to use a ultrasound on bones or lungs.
Sonography is a non-invasive medical procedure that uses the echoes of high-frequency sound waves to construct an image of internal organs or body structures. The employment rate is is expected to grow 26 percent from 2014 to 2024. Since ultrasound is non-invasive, it is more encouraged than other methods so the career is always in demand. Diagnostic medical sonographers duties are to prepare and maintain diagnostic imaging equipment, taking a patients medical history, answering questions about the procedure, operating the equipment, review images and test results, know the difference between normal and abnormal images, analyze diagnostic information, record findings, and keep track of patient records. Hospitals, offices of physicians, medical
Diagnostic medical sonography is a profession where sonographers direct high-frequency sound waves into a patient’s body through the use of specific equipment to diagnose or monitor a patient’s medical condition. As described by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, this examination is referred to as an ultrasound, sonogram, or echocardiogram. The high-frequency sound waves emitted from the handheld device, called a transducer, bounce back creating an echo and therefore produce an image that can be viewed on the sonographers computer screen. This image provides the sonographer and physician with an internal image of the patient’s body that will be used in the diagnosis. The most familiar use of ultrasound is used in monitoring pregnancies
Dr. Fox is an emergency physician at UCI Medical Center, treating and diagnosing patients using an ultrasound. His scope of research involves looking at patients’ internal organs via ultrasound, which is much quicker and less harmful than using x-ray scans that are traditionally used in emergency departments. He is also a part of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (“Faculty and Staff”). Dr. Fox is also a director of instructional ultrasound and is the assistant dean at the UCI School of Medicine (“John Christian Fox”). He started an ultrasound rotation at the UCI School of Medicine, and with a grant given by SonoSite, Inc., the ultrasound curriculum is now embedded within the UCI School of Medicine curriculum (“Faculty and Staff”). He went to Tufts University School of Medicine, receiving his MD in 1997 (“John Christian Fox”). His main research focus is to try to incorporate ultrasound more into the emergency department, and tries to find revolutionary ways to utilize ultrasound, especially because it is very cost-efficient and images are seen real-time, unlike MRI scans or x-rays, which can emit harmful radiation or results take much longer to acquire. Eric Viquez is one of the Bio 199/EMRAP (Emergency Medicine Research Associates Program) students in Dr. Fox’s ultrasound lab. He is currently a 4th year undergraduate biological sciences major who is going to medical school in the fall; he shadows shifts with Dr. Fox and
Diagnostic medical sonographers play a key role in the health care team and often work alongside doctors, nurses, and other technologists. They prepare patients by explaining the procedure and collect necessary patient history information prior to examination. An ultrasound is then performed, which is a non-invasive process that enables sonographers to send high-frequency sound waves into the body. The return signals are then analyzed to help visualize internal organs in 2D, 3D or 4D. These images help physicians with medical diagnoses and are also used for monitoring pregnancy. An ultrasound is often executed on many different areas of the body including the abdomen, pelvis, tissues, and vascular and cardiac systems. A DMS may also be required
The description of a medical Sonographer given by a woman named Eileen Mathers, a vascular specialist. Provides information of how a diagnostic ultrasound can be used to detect different aliments that evolves around the human organs, veins and arteries. The job of an Sonographer can examine the patient’s body so that the doctor knows what to do based off the personnel’s finding. For example an ultrasound can detect a blood clot in a person’s leg.
Gill, R., 2012. The physics and technology of diagnostic ultrasound: a practitioner's guide. Abbotsford, N.S.W.: High Frequency Publishing.
Venography – this test is a special x-ray and more accurate than the ultrasound. A radioactive dye is injected into the vein to help illuminate the blood clot.
appear similar to conventional stents.”8 Middleton, Teefey and Darcy8 note that the use of PFTE endografts will likely become standard as their performance outweighs the early stent materials used. Color Doppler as well as pulsed Doppler should be used to interrogate the stent and supporting vessels. Velocity measurements are taken using angle correct and spectral waveforms are recorded. Careful examination of the liver vasculature is imperative to verify proper stent function. Specifically, thrombosis or occlusion can be assessed with color and Doppler ultrasound. Velocity parameters may vary from patient to patient and also will change from immediate post procedure velocities to those obtained during long term follow up. Universal Doppler
Ultrasound or ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves. It is a high pitch frequency that cannot be heard by the human ear. In ultra sound the following happens: High frequency sound pulses (1-5megahertz) are transmitted from the ultrasound machine into your body using a probe. The sound wave will travel into your body until it hits an object such as soft tissue and bone. When the sound wave hits these objects some of the wave will be reflected back to the probe. While some waves may carry on further till they hit another object and then reflected back. The probe picks up these reflected sound waves and relays them to the machine. The distance and time from the probe,
Modern medicine has undergone major advancements over the past years. One of these developments include the capacity to retrieve crucial information about the human body and its health beyond the use of manual diagnostic techniques. This is referred to as Medical or Diagnostic Imaging.