Daniel Defoe’s picaresque novel Moll Flanders saw the light of the day in 1722. Of course, meticulously speaking, it cannot be called a novel in the strictest sense of the term. The credit of being the first 'proper' novel goes to Richardson's Pamela which was published a couple of decades later in 1740. Moll Flanders is somewhat deficient in psychological exploration and reads more like a narrative. Hence it would be better to call it a ‘rudimentary’ novel. However, the objective of this paper is not to debate or discuss the qualities of a novel found in Moll Flanders. The objective is to delineate how Defoe’s heroine Moll with her own effort trudges through thick and thin to make the most of a hopeless life. For all her shortcomings, she …show more content…
Who was born in Newgate, and during a life of continu'd Variety for Threescore Years, besides her Childhood, was Twelve Year a Whore, five times a Wife (whereof once to her own brother), Twelve Year a Thief, Eight Year a Transported Felon in Virginia, at last grew Rich, liv'd Honest and died a Penitent. Written from her own Memorandums." Whether Moll Flanders is 'famous' or 'notorious', should better be left to the individual reader's judgment. The long listing of the heroine's amoral and scandalous deeds is aimed at spicing things up. In the early eighteenth century when public readership had just started to build up, summing up the plot of the novel in the lengthy title to catch popular interest was possibly a necessity. At the same time Defoe had to make sure that his work does not come across as a morally offensive novel. Hence, the expression 'liv'd Honest and died a Penitent' towards the end of the full title is significant. The novel is, after all, not a glamorization of a scandalous life, but a critique of it. The concluding phrase 'Written from her own Memorandums' is note-worthy. Defoe obviously tries to present the narrative as an authentic one; as if it is not a piece of fiction, but has indeed happened in the life of this extra-ordinary woman who documents it in a series of letters. The picaresque mode is thus aimed at taking the semblance of …show more content…
It would be poetic injustice to end such a narrative of struggle and resilience on a tragic note. Defoe bestows happiness on septuagenarian Moll. He employs a classic deus ex machina to make Moll meet her mother in old age and inherit a part of her mother's property. Moll, for the first time in her life, finds a stable and comfortable position. And now all the middle-class values pour in. Penitent Moll starts visiting the church to enter the mainstream of life. So long Moll has never cared for any of her twelve children; they were nuisances in her thorny path of life. But now for the first time Moll experiences a resurgence of maternal affection. She says of Humphry: "...he brought the writings of gift...and I delivered them to him with a hundred kisses." This is a newly developed facet of Moll -- Moll the mother.Moll Flanders is not exactly a feminist novel; it does not chart a road-map for the marginalized woman to transcend her marginality. Nevertheless, it is undoubtedly pro-woman, investing a female figure with the status of the protagonist in early eighteenth century and portraying her with sympathy and understanding. The novel, despite its conformist ending, is way ahead of its
First, Madame Loisel grieves over her lifestyle and fate of where she is. The author describes this by writing, “She suffered constantly, feeling that all the attributes of a gracious life, every luxury, should rightly have been hers” (609). This shows Madame
Middleton and Dekker collaborate to write The Roaring Girl, which concentrates on a real-life London woman named Moll Cutpurse. Moll was reputed to be a prostitute, bawd, and thief, but the playwrights present her as a lady of great spirit and virtue whose reputation is misrepresented by a small, convention-bound civilization. In the play, as in reality, Moll dresses in men’s attire, smokes a pipe and bears a sword representing a colorful and in the underworld life of Moll Cutpurse. She stood London on its head with her cross-dressing and gender-bending behavior, and illegal pursuits. Her defiance of women in this play is exceptional. Also, she is perhaps one of the only players to be scrupulously true to herself; some of the other characters display very hypocritical aspects. Such unorthodox and unconventional role, Middleton and Dekker implies, leads to her spotted standing. She is a roaring girl; An audacious and bold woman-about-town. But beneath this absence of femininity, is a courageous, high-principled woman. Moll interposes in the central plots and is associated in skirmishes with many of the characters, consistently showcasing her ability to stand up for the downtrodden and wronged. Therefore, Moll creates a 'third space ' that identifies her as importantly freed in her navigation of space and social relations.
Lawrence portrays Mrs Morel's turning to her children particularly to Paul as an exceptionally unpredictable and uncommon procedure. Lawrence alongside portraying the unpredictable and abnormal connection also finds numerous unusual factors behind this bizarre connection. Among all the factors, the most well-known one is Mrs. Morel's moving her fascination or desire from spouse to child which was the result of the bizarre relation or mismatch between her spouse in regards to character, family status, training, keenness and so on. While she is an exceedingly religious lady, her spouse is hard lush, her refined way additionally negates with his profanity. The marriage life of Mrs. Morel is actually loaded with clashes and disappointments. "Their marriage life has been one carnal bloody fight."(Lawrence, D.H. 1985) Along with the mental tormenting Mr. Morel also frequently beats her seriously and puts her out of home. "The mother is unsatisfied and angry with the coal miner, because he not only fails to live up to her bourgeois idea, but also hurts her in body and mind" (Lawrence, D.H. 1985). All these stinging and anguishing certainties ultimately make her substitute or to move enthusiastically towards her child to discover a bit fulfillment into the world
She realises her role as the wife of Martin Guerre, “she understood her position in the household, [a] part of [the] structure.” However, once Martin defects from the manor, she is subservient to the condemnation she receives from Monsier Guerre anger that “[his] son should become a thief is [his] greatest shame.” Bertrande’s plight mirrors the issue of a woman’s place in society and challenging the ideology of a restricted homemaker role with a lack of control over life choices and education. Lewis considers the strength needed in order to defy the constraints society places one into and the potential a woman has to independence. Lewis teaches her readers the tenacity one must have in adversity, disregarding the restrictions placed upon a person’s gender.
Literature of the English Restoration offers the example of a number of writers who wrote for a courtly audience: literary production, particularly in learned imitation of classical models, was part of the court culture of King Charles II. The fact of a shared model explains the remarkable similarities between “The Imperfect Enjoyment” by the Earl of Rochester and “The Disappointment” by Aphra Behn—remarkable only because readers are surprised to read one poem about male sexual impotence from the late seventeenth century, let alone two examples of this genre by well-known courtly writers. In fact, Richard Quaintance presents ten more examples by lesser-known poets as he defines the literary sub-genre of the neo-Classical “imperfect
Moliere’s Tartuffe, and Voltaire’s Candide are each exemplary literary works of the 18th century in their own rights. Tartuffe is a satirical comedy, and Candide a thought-provoking travelogue. While each adheres austerely to its genre, various similarities as well as contrasting differences
This is contrasted by Moll's internal narrative in which she scoffs at the innocent bystanders who she deems stupid enough to warrant her theft, and whilst this can be viewed as merely a coping mechanism for Moll to rationalise her illegal behaviour, when it is coupled with the declaration in the Preface, Defoe's intended purpose for Moll Flanders seems far more layered than the bold and uncompromising declaration of his 'editor' narrator. Whilst Moll is punished for her crimes, there are no permanent repercussions. Even the scenes in which Moll is arrested and brought to Newgate, the place of her birth, only offer a temporary consequence for her actions that is quickly relieved upon her release - but the psychological impact of Newgate and its use as a motif in contemporary literature are both important when considering how Defoe approaches the concept of redemption and penance in his female
Wright’s demise doesn’t compare to the demise of women’s rights. Both the topics of sisterhood and abuse are prominent in the short story, but fall in suit with the main topic of feminism. The short story doesn’t just show characters with feminist ideas; it also shows why the world needs more feminists. The irony and the dialogue of the men validate Glaspell’s feminist ideals, and how necessary they are for society to grow. Part of feminism is to eliminate internal and external misogyny.
Susan Glaspell has been recognized by many feminists as one of the best authors of feminist short plays that show the consequences of oppressing a woman. Short plays such as “Trifles”, “Women’s Honor”,and “A Jury of Her Peers” portras the entrapment of women in a patriarchal society. The major theme sewn throughout “Trifles” is men having power over women while at the same time showing the women’s higher intellectual capacity. Trifles illustrates two women, Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale, gathering the belongings of Minnie Wright, a neighbor that is in jail for murdering her husband.
In Flanders FieldsIn Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row,That mark our place; and in the skyThe larks, still bravely singing, flyScarce heard amid the guns below.We are the Dead. Short days agoWe lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,Loved, and were loved, and now we lieIn Flanders fields.Take up our quarrel with the foe:To you from failing hands we throwThe torch; be yours to hold it high.If ye break faith with us who dieWe shall not sleep, though poppies growIn Flanders fields.
But let's back up a bit and give ourselves a big dose of perspective. Consider this your warning that a little history is ahead. Bear with us. Despite the fact that the book is published in 1722, at the end, we're told that it was "Written in the year 1683," when Moll would be about seventy years old. That means our girl would have been born in 1613 or so, which is around three years before everyone's favorite Brit, William Shakespeare, died. If we go by the date Defoe says the book was "written," rather than the publication date, safely assume that the events of the novel take place squarely in the seventeenth century.
1.It is significant that Woolf’s essay is partly fictional, for it shows her greater knowledge of her writing, as she was a woman herself writing fiction. She does not write completely in non-fictional mode, as to not stay biased to her views and experiences, yet to allow the readers to have an open imagination on where the events that had happened at “Oxbridge” could also take place.
This paper is an attempt to examine the seeming opposition of religion vs. self-interest with respect to the character of Robinson Crusoe. I will venture to demonstrate that in the novel, Defoe illustrates the contradictions with which Crusoe must contend as he strives to please God while ensuring his own survival in the world. In part, I will endeavor to show that a distorted sense of Puritanism as well as the existing colonial mindset exacerbated this opposition, and resulted in what I propose to be Defoe's (possibly retroactive) imposition of a religious justification for Crusoe's actions.
It’s a hot, sticky summer afternoon in Iowa in 1910. A woman stands in the kitchen cleaning the grease from her husband’s daily work. After finally managing to make her newborn lay down for a nap, her husband busts through the front door, waking the baby. While comforting the baby, she asks her husband what his reason is for making such a ruckus. Ignoring the question, he asks for his cigars. She hands them to him as he walks out the front door. He says that he is going back to town to fetch some things. She asks if she can go with him since she’s been at home all day, but he denies her request by saying that she needs to be at home with the baby and not busy with other unimportant things. This is what women of that time and even some women now would experience in their daily life. Gender inequality has always been occurring, and it is a major obstacle being tackled today. Problems with the education system, workforce, and marriages have existed for many years, and the feminist movement was created to combat these problems. Susan Glaspell’s Trifles is one of the first feminist pieces of literature. Many themes arise in the one-act play, but the most important theme is the idea of gender separation. In the play Trifles, Glaspell uses mystery to display the theme of gender separation and to uncover an implicit conflict.
The novel is distinguished from the long narratives in verse of Geoffrey Chaucer, Edmund Spenser, and John Milton which, beginning with eighteenth century, the novel has increasingly supplanted. Within these limits the novel includes such diverse works as Samuel Richardson’s Pamela and Lawrence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy; Jane Austen’s Emma