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Is The Fortunes And Misfortunes Of Moll Flanders

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Daniel Defoe’s picaresque novel Moll Flanders saw the light of the day in 1722. Of course, meticulously speaking, it cannot be called a novel in the strictest sense of the term. The credit of being the first 'proper' novel goes to Richardson's Pamela which was published a couple of decades later in 1740. Moll Flanders is somewhat deficient in psychological exploration and reads more like a narrative. Hence it would be better to call it a ‘rudimentary’ novel. However, the objective of this paper is not to debate or discuss the qualities of a novel found in Moll Flanders. The objective is to delineate how Defoe’s heroine Moll with her own effort trudges through thick and thin to make the most of a hopeless life. For all her shortcomings, she …show more content…

Who was born in Newgate, and during a life of continu'd Variety for Threescore Years, besides her Childhood, was Twelve Year a Whore, five times a Wife (whereof once to her own brother), Twelve Year a Thief, Eight Year a Transported Felon in Virginia, at last grew Rich, liv'd Honest and died a Penitent. Written from her own Memorandums." Whether Moll Flanders is 'famous' or 'notorious', should better be left to the individual reader's judgment. The long listing of the heroine's amoral and scandalous deeds is aimed at spicing things up. In the early eighteenth century when public readership had just started to build up, summing up the plot of the novel in the lengthy title to catch popular interest was possibly a necessity. At the same time Defoe had to make sure that his work does not come across as a morally offensive novel. Hence, the expression 'liv'd Honest and died a Penitent' towards the end of the full title is significant. The novel is, after all, not a glamorization of a scandalous life, but a critique of it. The concluding phrase 'Written from her own Memorandums' is note-worthy. Defoe obviously tries to present the narrative as an authentic one; as if it is not a piece of fiction, but has indeed happened in the life of this extra-ordinary woman who documents it in a series of letters. The picaresque mode is thus aimed at taking the semblance of …show more content…

It would be poetic injustice to end such a narrative of struggle and resilience on a tragic note. Defoe bestows happiness on septuagenarian Moll. He employs a classic deus ex machina to make Moll meet her mother in old age and inherit a part of her mother's property. Moll, for the first time in her life, finds a stable and comfortable position. And now all the middle-class values pour in. Penitent Moll starts visiting the church to enter the mainstream of life. So long Moll has never cared for any of her twelve children; they were nuisances in her thorny path of life. But now for the first time Moll experiences a resurgence of maternal affection. She says of Humphry: "...he brought the writings of gift...and I delivered them to him with a hundred kisses." This is a newly developed facet of Moll -- Moll the mother.Moll Flanders is not exactly a feminist novel; it does not chart a road-map for the marginalized woman to transcend her marginality. Nevertheless, it is undoubtedly pro-woman, investing a female figure with the status of the protagonist in early eighteenth century and portraying her with sympathy and understanding. The novel, despite its conformist ending, is way ahead of its

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