Challenging Heteronormativity: Jane Austine’s Pride and Prejudice and Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre
I argue that the main characters Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Eyre in Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre of Jane Austin and Charlotte Bronte respectively challenges the patriarchal roles set to them by their heteronormativity societies. Both characters embody the views and beliefs of the writers.
“I understand heteronormativity to refer to those norms related to gender and sexuality which keep in place patriarchy and compulsory heterosexuality as well as other systems and ideologies related to power such religious fundamentalism, casteism, and the class system and so on.”(Jolly Jaya Sharma’s Reflections on the Construction of Heteronormativity’
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This statement showed how heteronormativity is framed in the society of Elizabeth and Austin herself—that a wife is for each man. A compulsory heterosexuality roles. Austin lives during Regency period which is from the 16th to the 19th century and that wealth was accumulated primarily on land ownership. Jane Austen herself is a member of the educated middle class known as “gentry” like the Bennets in her novel. Moreover, the novel showed detailed description of highly formalized manners both for men and women. In Regency era, a woman is considered to be an accomplished lady if she has mastered etiquette, is sharp minded and has good disposition in addition to beauty. Elizabeth is not nearly an accomplished woman. She is unconventional. “My fingers,” said Elizabeth, “do not move over this instrument in the masterly manner which I see so many women’s do. They have not the same force or rapidity, and do not produce the same expression. But then I have always supposed it to be my own fault – because I would not take the trouble of practicing. With this in mind and behavior, Elizabeth is less favored by her mother among other siblings. Seemingly unable to marry Jane to prospective wealthy man, her mother sets her eyes to other siblings of Jane to market for marriage. This clearly suggest that financial security of women in …show more content…
Yet, she of the same nature challenged the patriarchal roles of her society. Jane’s life in the Lowood Institute was not well under the supervision of Mr. Brocklehurst. The leadership of a man may not always follow to be always be a successful one and that the character of Miss Temple was a precursor of Jane’s defiance to patriarchal leadership. Through Mr. Brocklehurst and Miss Temple, she was able to make a distinct comparisons of other sexes. Moreover, even though the Industrial Revolution opened other venue for lower-class women society yet the society offered only a respectable employment such as working as a governess, Jane’s job. The society did not offer much more for women no matter how learned could she be. Although to note, the position of a governess during Bronte’s time is not likely as presented in the novel. “Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts, as much as their brothers do; they suffer from too rigid a restraint, to absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer; and it is narrow-minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano and embroidering
Thesis: Throughout the text of Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen challenges gender and social norms in the Georgian Era through the development of Elizabeth Bennet as she interacts with characters in the novel.
Pride and Prejudice tells a story of a young girl in the midst of a very materialistic society. Jane Austen uses the setting to dramatize the restraints women had to endure in society. As the novel develops, we see how women have to act in a way according to their gender, social class, and family lineage. Elizabeth Bennet’s sisters represent the proper societal lady while Lizzy is the rebel. Through her characters Austen shows how a women’s happiness came second to the comfort of wealth. As the plot develops, events are laid out to illustrate how true love is unattainable when women marry for intentions of wealth. Women have very specific and limited roles in a society where men are the superior. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen
In its simplest form, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre tells the story of a young woman, Jane Eyre, who grows up poor, makes the decision to be independent, does so, and, eventually, marries rich. The novel follows her from her childhood to her reunion with the love of her life and she, throughout it, deals with classism and sexism and exhibits her own form of feminism. By the end, it becomes clear that, with this semi-autobiographical novel, Charlotte Bronte was providing a criticism on society’s discrimination toward those of a lower class, a subtle argument against the male-dominated society’s treatment of women, and an even subtler call to action for women to find their own agency outside of the men in their lives. On another end, however,
Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice examines and critiques a society built upon gender roles. Austen does this by examining the obstacles women experienced in the Regency Period. Austen expresses how women were controlled, and objectified by men through their need to get married to a man. Additionally, the novel ridicules how women who could not afford to live without men were shadowed by their partner. This commentary is seen through the portrayal of the Bennet sisters. The females of the family are forced to marry because they do not inherit any wealth. The family is forced to comply with the same boundaries Austen was governed by. Therefore, Austen focuses on how the Bennet sisters overcome a society that suppresses them. This allows the reader to comprehend the strength, perseverance, determination, and assertiveness of the women in this time. Overall, Jane Austen addresses gender issues throughout the story. This is seen in the progressive image of Elizabeth, as she combats the inequality women experience. Although it was not common for women to criticize the patriarchy, the overall depiction of females is progressive. Elizabeth represents Austen’s feminist views, and the depiction of women in the novel is seen through her feminist image as she deals with Mr. Collins and Mr. Darcy.
Austen explains that being born a woman in such a society suggests that even less alternatives on whom to get married to or not to get married to, or how to establish the nature of a person’s life. Furthermore, the way in which the society weakens and controls women is useful in explaining Mrs. Elizabeth Bennet 's panic concerning the marriage of her beloved daughters, as well as why such marriages should always entail both financial and practical considerations. Coming from noble
Examine Austen’s presentation of what is called in the novel, ‘women’s usual occupations of eye, and hand, and mind’. In Jane Austen’s society, the role of women was controlled by what was expected of them. In most cases, marriage was not for love, and was considered as a business arrangement, in which both partners could gain status and financial reassurance. Though Austen opposed the idea of none affectionate marriage, many
Charlotte Bronte’s novel Jane Eyre embraces many feminist views in opposition to the Victorian feminine ideal. Charlotte Bronte herself was among the first feminist writers of her time, and wrote this book in order to send the message of feminism to a Victorian-Age Society in which women were looked upon as inferior and repressed by the society in which they lived. This novel embodies the ideology of equality between a man and woman in marriage, as well as in society at large. As a feminist writer, Charlotte Bronte created this novel to support and spread the idea of an independent woman who works for herself, thinks for herself, and acts of her own accord.
Women’s roles in history have shifted and changed from century to century. From housewife to CEO, women have come a long way to having their independence. In Pride and Prejudice, the character Jane Bennet is a woman of her time period, her focus on getting a husband, and female pursuits such as balls and gowns. In comparison, Elizabeth Bennet, her sister is focused on marriage for love, and rejects some of the ideals of her sister. She shows an attitude not usually found in women in the 1800s. Elizabeth Bennet compared to her sister Jane, exhibits characteristics that are associated with modern women.
Society’s constraints are revolved around in Jane Eyre, the lack of wealth made one dependant, and the steep castes and the strict precvention of the intermingling of classes resulted in a biased relationship in both the matters of gender and social standing. When St. John presented Jane with an opportunity to aid him in his ‘noble’ field, Jane declinded, as the invitation came with amndatory marrige, unfesible to someone as independant as
This exhibits how Austin was trying to show the readers how amusing it was to her to see women treated that way. In the article “A Woman’s Economic Opportunities During the Regency Era” written by Amanda Nelson she states that “ In Austen's novels, as is quite true today, improving a family's financial position was a prime objective period for women this essentially meant marriage” (Nelson 1). This explains that the female characters in Jane's book are concerned about getting married so that they are economically stable. another part of the story Darcy, Elizabeth, and the Bingleys were discussing how accomplished a woman is or should be in this time period. “‘Yes, all of them, I think. They all paint tables, cover screens, and net purses. I scarcely know anyone who cannot do all of this, and I am sure I never heard a young woman spoken of for the first time, without being informed that she was very accomplished’” (Austen 34). This illustrates how Jane Austen was trying to explain to the reader that men and society did not have much respect for how much a woman worked and what she
The idea of governess extended until the nineteenth century. The Victorian women, especially the Bronte sisters, Charlotte and Anne, experienced the occupation of a governess. Their impressions were negative because of the poor condition, bad treatment, and low wage of a governess during the Victorian era. According to Gilbert, Anne endured in the governess’s job for six years while Charlotte shortened it to two years. Charlotte wrote in a letter to her sister Emily, “I can now see more clearly than I have ever done before that a private governess has no existence, is not considered as a living and rational being, except as connected with the wearisome duties she has to fulfill”(qtd. in Heyck, 203). Charlotte transfers her negative views of the governess’s status in English society through her literary work Jane Eyre. She portrays the poor conditions and bad treatments of the private school that Jane attends. In Lowood School, Jane spends eight years before she accepts an offer of becoming a governess and starting her financial dependence. Mr. Brocklehurst who is the headmaster of Lowood School keeps the girls hungry and cold. Also, he treats the girls very badly by punishing them. One of the problems that children from working and middle class face in schools, rather than the social distinction, is the physical punishment. In “Aspects of Neglect: The Strange Case of Victorian Popular Education,” Harold Silver investigates about the “corporal punishment” that is used in
Through the Victorian Age, male dominance deprived women from a certain freedom. In Charlotte Brontë’s novel, Jane Eyre, Jane Eyre repeatedly struggles to become an independent young lady due to the troublesome men in the story. John Reed controls Jane, Mr. Brocklehurst humiliates Jane, and Mr. Rochester sees women, in general, as objects. The author manages to depict patriarchal dominance through the characterization of John Reed, Mr. Brocklehurst, and Mr. Rochester.
Throughout Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice , there are many references to the unusual character of Elizabeth Bennet ; she is seen to be an atypical female during those times. Wit , bravery , independence , and feminist views all describe a most extraordinary model for women.
Primarily, Jane had little choice but to become a governess as an intelligent woman. In Victorian England there were few alternative job prospects for a woman of her social class except for becoming a domestic servant – of which there was 750,000 in England - or working in industry. Although the role of a governess seems rather respectable, it is clear that the upper class – that actually employed governesses for the tutorage of their children – did not hold them in high regard, as shown by Blanche Ingham who says: “I have just one word to say of the whole tribe; they are a nuisance” . Jane, however, seems content with her place in society as she says of Lowood that she “[has] served here eight years; now all [she wants] is to serve elsewhere” and leaves for Thornfield. That said, however, her low social class does restrict her from socialising with the likes of Blanche Ingham, shown by Jane seeming to be hiding from the group and emphasised by Blanche’s blatant disregard for her presence and continuing to discuss her as she says that in Jane’s “physiognomy” she sees “all the faults of her class” , hence claiming that from Jane’s outward appearance she can determine her character which has been influenced by her upbringing. Similarly, Jane’s lower class causes her feelings for Mr Rochester to become confused as she tries to stop herself from
The first point to be discussed with feminism in this literature, Brontë portrays Jane Eyre to be a very subtle Feminist. Jane's approach to feminism is not rebellious or outlandish at all. She lets her character speak for itself, .due to her harsh living environments she had to take that approach considering in the nineteenth-century, the quality of life as a women was entirely based on how beautiful women were and who they were married to. Along with a wealthy economic status, Jane however, had none of these things going for her. For example she was an orphan in this particular family named the Reeds, they are a very wealthy family and took her into an extremely toxic household which was very different to her past living environments, were later on corrupted her in the future to believe that all women should not be treated equal to but less than when compared to men. From the disrespect she received from Mrs Reed, and the bullying from her son John she was always able to stand up for herself no matter how bad or unfairly she was being treated. There were many instances were Jane was being treated unjustly. Ms. Reed would allow her children and even the maid of the house be disrespectful to her. Everyday Jane was being being compared to things like “little toad” (bronte 41). Conveying the message to the reader that just because Jane is not attractive nor wealthy that she does not deserve to be given the respect someone with those