In Pratt’s informative book, claiming that a line of thought originated in large part with Northeastern U.S. Indian tribes is supposed to reflect well on that line of thought or on those tribes or both. That line of thought is roughly the thought of John Dewey, taken here as a culmination and summary of American Pragmatism. The characterization of pragmatism offered in the book is friendly toward it. Pragmatism, on Pratt’s view, consists of four commitments to principles. These put the American school of thought in opposition to standard tendencies in the traditions of Western philosophy. 1. Things are what they do; or, they are the interactions they have with other things, rather than being just, ever, self-contained entities for abstract …show more content…
It also leaves out the serious and ongoing critiques of pragmatist arguments. Some of those are more serious than those Pratt does mention, such as Russell’s objection to James’ view of truth. James proposes that truth is something to be judged in relation to human interests at issue, and Russell objects to the opening for relativism if those interests are thought a legitimate part of appraising truth. But some Wittgensteinian critiques are targeted at assumptions shared both by the pragmatists and their opponents and are based on concerns much like some of those which motivate the pragmatists--suspicion of de-contextualized abstraction and of the lines of thought leading up to the posing of philosophical questions. These objections, then, start with motivations like the pragmatists, but wind up with accusations that the pragmatists’ critiques are shallow and that the pragmatists wind up being driven by abstract pictures and lose track of examples. Because Pratt assumes throughout pragmatists are on the side of the angels, his book does not help those who might worry about that assumption. A detailed critique of the arguments for tracing all four commitments to American Indian sources would be worthwhile, but let’s take a look at one for which the stakes are high. Consider the argument that the
When thinking about relevant theories to the Native American conflict, there are a few that can be applied in a few different ways to help explain the various aspects of this conflict. Three of the theories discussed in this course – primordialist theory, social construction theory, and psychological theories - contain aspects that are applicable to this Native American conflict, while other theories do a poor job of explaining the conflict. On the other hand, one theory from this course – instrumentalism – is not useful in explaining the conflict.
The long history between Native American and Europeans are a strained and bloody one. For the time of Columbus’s subsequent visits to the new world, native culture has
The history of the United States with regards to its native population is inaccurate and assumes that the history of this country began when the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock (Richter, pp. 4-5). With regards to the native people’s
Just as the Greeks, the Romans and any other great civilization, Native Americans had their own gods with certain values. These values are a sharp contrast to the current european expansionist mindset and give great insight into understanding Native American’s actions and behavior. These documents are about Native American culture and are written around the arrival of European settlers. These documents show the conflicts that many Native Americans had were due to many miscommunications and conflicts in values. The two Native American values that the Europeans most tread on were their very philosophy and honor, which leads to some of the most brutal acts of war and massacres.
If one thing is to be respected and understood about the American Indians, it would be that their history and culture goes much further back than contemporary American history. Consequently, the relationship developed between American Indians and the United States is as unique as it is complicated. This unique relationship started because the American Indians were the first faces seen by fresh colonials from Europe. Despite this fact, the American Indians have faced cultural appropriation on a level that cannot be compared to any other ethnic group or minority. Any American who has been through kindergarten can associate Indians and Pilgrims with Thanksgiving, but how many of those Americans can tell about the Battle of Little Bighorn or the Alcatraz Proclamation? The unique relationship between the United States and American Indians has grown over time to allow for the level of appropriation that can be observed today. It is this unique relationship that has allowed the American Indian culture to be exploited because
Sometimes the controversy goes beyond disagreement on factual information, such as the age of humanity or source of Earth’s creation, and how we cover this information in schools. In the case of certain American Indian groups, there has been conflict in the actual excavation of artifacts, preventing physical evidence from being utilized for limitless amounts of scientific conclusion. There has been disharmony in the idea of ownership and increased distrust, which is most likely in part due to the American Indians’ deeply regrettable historic relationship with the United States government.
Pragmatists, George H. Mead, Charles H. Cooley, and W. I. Thomas believe ?The central theme of symbolic interactionism is that human life is lived in the symbolic domain. Symbols are culturally derived social objects having shared meanings that are created and maintained in social interaction. Through language and communication, symbols provide the means by which reality is constructed. Reality is primarily a social product, and all that is humanly consequential?self, mind, society, culture?emerges from and is dependent on symbolic interactions for its existence.?? (encyclopedia.com)
In this weeks reading of “Taking Sides”, Richard Abrams accepts they did come up short on the grounds that they tried to uphold a standard arrangement of qualities upon the individuals who are socially diverse and did not want to stand up to the imbalances that existed in American culture. Progressives failed in what it, or what the individuals who formed it considered to be its primary goal.Furthermore, that was, well beyond everything else, to restore or keep up the traditional agreement on a specific perspective of the universe, a specific arrangement of qualities, and a specific heavenly body of behavioral modes in the nation's business, industry, social relations, and legislative issues. Such a perspective, such values, such modes were
The author, Jack Weatherford, supports his argument by first making a statement of evidence and then directly explaining the historical relevance of the statement. Weatherford makes several statements that draw parallels between American Indian tradition and the United States federal system. After introducing these statements, Weatherford illustrates the ideas through first explaining how the ideals are present in American Indian culture, and then explaining how similar ideals are incorporated in American political structure. By explaining each piece of evidence in the context
In Four Arrows introduction to Unlearning the Language of Conquest, scholars expose anti-Indianism in the United States. Within the introduction Fore Arrows examines the role that scholarly men have written slandered works on Native American belief systems, knowledge, and wisdom. This is in part a four wave process to eradicate and disprove Indigenous people. The four waves of systematic eradication of indigenous people are enacted through the first assault, which was Violence and disease, then to control land, water, language, culture, identity and sovereignty, next is was led by men of scholarly reputation pushing publications that discredit and attack world views, histories, and philosophies, finally the forth wave is an accumulation of
Pragmatists, George H. Mead, Charles H. Cooley, and W. I. Thomas believe ?The central theme of symbolic interactionism is that human life is lived in the symbolic domain. Symbols are culturally derived social objects having shared meanings that are created and maintained in social interaction. Through language and communication, symbols provide the means by which reality is constructed. Reality is primarily a social product, and all that is humanly consequential?self, mind, society, culture?emerges from and is dependent on symbolic interactions for its existence.?? (encyclopedia.com)
In this book, the writer tries to achieve the titanic venture of deconstructing the myth that encompasses the starting points of America and subsist into the present as a philosophy. This philosophy has verifiably upheld the dispossession of Native Americans from their genealogical grounds, and propagated to the present day the uncalled for relationship between the relatives of the individuals who came and of the individuals who were
Talking Back to Civilization , edited by Frederick E. Hoxie, is a compilation of excerpts from speeches, articles, and texts written by various American Indian authors and scholars from the 1890s to the 1920s. As a whole, the pieces provide a rough testimony of the American Indian during a period when conflict over land and resources, cultural stereotypes, and national policies caused tensions between Native American Indians and Euro-American reformers. This paper will attempt to sum up the plight of the American Indian during this period in American history.
Pragmatism is described in the book as a method for settling philosophical disputes. It is based on the pragmatic theory of truth. This theory says that a 'proposition p is true if and only if the belief that 'p is true' works'; (Voices of Wisdom, 346). In order
Bertrand Russell’s essay addresses many issues concerning philosophy. In the writing, he states philosophy’s nature, value, and criticisms. The essay explains these aspects of the study of philosophy in relatively different ways. The main idea for establishing value in his essay is by explaining how it is best obtained, and its effect on other people. The essay continues with his criticisms of those who opposed